Номер 1, страница 129 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

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Text one.

Sir Alexander Fleming is a British bacteriologist. He was born in Scotland in eighteen eighty-one and received his degree from Saint Mary's Hospital in London. During World War One, he began searching for antibacterial substances. In nineteen twenty-eight, he made his great discovery. He found penicillin, which could attack staphylococcus culture and stop the bacteria's growth. He named the antibiotic penicillin. The new medicine was effective against many bacteria harmful to humans and saved a lot of lives. He got the Nobel Prize in nineteen forty-five.

Text two.

Pierre de Fermat was born in France. He made important discoveries in analytic geometry and number theory. Mathematics was only a hobby for Fermat, who was a lawyer and government official for most of his life. Fermat's greatest work was in number theory. He is especially remembered for his last theorem, for which proof could not be found for a long time. Fermat's theorem was proved only in nineteen ninety-five by a Britain, Sir Andrew John Wiles. Fermat published almost nothing during his lifetime. He described his discoveries mostly in letters to friends.

Text three.

Euclid lived in about three hundred BC in Greece. He is one of the most famous mathematicians of all time. Very little is known about his life. We just know that he taught in Alexandria, Egypt, and wrote a mathematics textbook called The Elements, an introductory work on elementary geometry and other topics. His textbook begins with definitions, postulates, and axioms, which are still studied by modern pupils. It is believed that Euclid did not make any original discoveries, but he managed to give the works of other mathematicians a new form.

Text four.

The famous Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus lived in the eighteenth century. He made two great contributions to the field of natural science: the classification of all known plants and animals, and worked out the system of scientific names to each plant and animal. The system, called binomial nomenclature, gives a two-word Latin name to each organism. His famous book contains the classification of more than four thousand animals, even human beings. It was Linnaeus in this work who first gave humans the scientific name Homo sapiens.

Text five.

The Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, a nineteenth-century scientist, did revolutionary work in electromagnetism and the kinetic theory of gases. He graduated with a degree in mathematics from Cambridge and began teaching in universities. Maxwell's first major contribution to science was the study of Saturn's rings, the nature of which was much debated. He was also able to formulate the kinetic theory of gases. This theory showed that temperatures and heat involved only molecular movement. Another of his great achievements was the development of Michael Faraday's theory of electricity and magnetism.