Номер C, страница 80 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Комарова, Ларионова

Learn about history of art. Units 5 and 6 - номер C, страница 80.

Условие.

C Now read these extracts about different Russian artists. Which art periods from the box above do you think they belong to?

Andrei Rublev

Although little is known about his life, Andrei Rublev is considered one of the greatest Russian painters of Orthodox icons ever to have lived. He was born in the mid 1300s, his birthplace being unknown but believed to be near Moscow. He was a monk who lived in the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra and studied Sergius of Radonezh's work. He painted icons and frescoes for famous Russian Orthodox churches such as the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir. His most famous work was the Trinity, which is regarded as being one of the greatest works in Russian art. The figures in his work are characterised by peaceful facial expressions rendered in the Byzantine manner, giving the work a symbolic nature, as opposed to realistic. Also featured in his art is the belief of asceticism, which describes a life completely absent of material wealth and devoted to spiritual well being. He often worked with other painters and his style of painting eventually became the standard in religious artwork at that time. He worked with his teacher and mentor, Theophanes the Greek, a Byzantine Greek artist and another great icon painter of Russia. Together they painted The Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. In 1988, the Russian Orthodox Church made Andrei Rublev a saint, the first ever Russian painter to receive this honour.

The Apostle Peter A. Rublev with his pupils. 1408

Mikhail Larionov and Natalia Goncharova

Born in the late 1800s, Mikhail Larionov and Natalia Goncharova were known for their futuristic painting styles. They painted during a significant transitional period in art in which painting made a radical departure from previously accepted standards. It was a time when such artists as Picasso, Van Gogh and Matisse were getting recognition for their unusual manners of painting. Both artists embraced several movements throughout the timeline of their work, including Impressionism, Cubism and Russian Futurism. The pair met early in their art careers in 1900 and formed a lasting relationship, although they did not marry until 1955. They were known for pushing boundaries and sometimes went too far. Larionov was expelled from art school three times for refusing to follow his instructors' orders. In an effort to break down social norms, Goncharova and her friends would paint their faces and display themselves out in public for the world to see. Goncharova faced legal troubles when she featured nudes in her artwork, but was eventually cleared of all charges. Their vivid artistry and fearless nature have made them two of the greatest Russian artists of the early 20th century.

Costume design for Saint Peter from ballet Liturgie N. Goncharova. 1915

Vassily Tropinin

Born in the 1770s, Vassily Tropinin lived most of his life as a serf and wasn't a free man until he was well into his 40s. When he reached adulthood, he was ordered to learn cake decorating; however, he studied drawing in secrecy at the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. He was eventually allowed to study at the academy without being officially enrolled, and he showed impressive talent in his early work. Just as he was being discovered as an artist, his owner pulled him back to rural Ukraine to work in a bakery. However, his owner, perhaps after realising the talent Tropinin possessed, changed his mind and ordered Tropinin to begin work copying famous works of art and producing family portraits. Tropinin became known for the highly realistic quality of his work, able to depict subjects as the world saw them. Upon securing his freedom, Tropinin moved to Moscow and began displaying his work in prominent art galleries. He painted more than 3,000 portraits in his lifetime.

Lacemaker V. Tropinin. 1823

Mihail Chemiakin

An artist who refused to accept the socialist and communist ideals of the Soviet Union, Mihail Chemiakin found himself at the centre of controversy at the very beginning of his art career. Through his job at the Hermitage Museum, he and a group of artists and other museum employees staged an exhibition in 1964 that showcased art outside the realm of Soviet Realism, an art movement that praised Soviet ideals. For this, Chemiakin and his colleagues were forced to resign and the museum director was fired. It was not long after that that he was forced to leave the country, settling in Paris. A painter and sculptor, Chemiakin's work features a wide range of subjects and uses brightly coloured imagery and odd, contorted shapes to project his ideas. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Chemiakin's work was reintroduced into the country, and he has been commissioned to create public works of art in Moscow and design animation for films.

Children Are the Victims of Adult Vices. M. Chemiakin. 2001

Решение.