номер 4, страница 8 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс рабочая тетрадь Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

4 GRAMMAR discourse markers (1): linkers

a Cross out the linker that is NOT possible.

1 We set off at dawn owing to / in order to / so as to avoid the rush-hour traffic.

2 Laila's mother-in-law was a very assertive woman. However / Nevertheless / Consequently, Laila grew to like and respect her.

3 In spite of/ Even though / Despite being the better player, Richard ended up losing the match.

4 Sales figures have fallen drastically due to / because / owing to the economic downturn.

5 The decorators covered the furniture with sheets so as not to / not to / in order not to splash it with paint.

6 After his accident, my brother had to sell his car as / since / due to he couldn't afford the insurance.

7 We accept full responsibility for the error and nevertheless / consequently / therefore wish to offer you a full refund.

8 I decided to extend my holiday although / in case / even though it meant I would have to ask for some unpaid leave.

b Match the more formal linkers from the list to the bold word in the sentences.

although as consequently despite the fact that due to even though in order to nevertheless nonetheless owing to seeing as since so as to therefore yet

1 There's little chance that we will change the company director's mind. However, it's important that we try.

Nevertheless

Nonetheless

2 The company is trying to reduce costs, and so employees who leave are not being replaced.

3 I left a message because the head of human resources wasn't at her desk.

4 The project had to be abandoned because of a lack of funding.

5 She arrived early to get a good seat.

6 I knew that my supervisor was angry, though she hadn't said anything.

7 He has a well-paid job, but he never seems to have any money.

c Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word in brackets.

1 We have not received payment for your last bill. Consequently, you are being sent a reminder. (since)

You are being sent a reminder since we have not received payment for your last bill

2 She wrote down the appointment so that she wouldn't forget it. (so as)

She wrote down the appointment

3 The motorway is being resurfaced, and so it will be closed until the end of the year. (result)

The motorway is being resurfaced, and

4 I might be going out, so you'd better take your keys. (in case)

You'd better take your keys

5 He decided to apply for the job although he didn't meet all the requirements. (despite)

He decided to apply for the job

6 I had an early night in order to be ready for the exam the next day. (so that)

I had an early night

7 She was offered the job even though she wasn't able to go to the interview. (spite)

She was offered the job

8 He was unable to attend the conference because he was ill. (owing)

He was unable to attend the conference

d Complete the sentences with a suitable ending.

1 We had a great holiday in spite of the disappointing weather

2 The town centre has been pedestrianized. As a result,

3 I doubt that Ben will be offered the job, seeing as

4 I arrived early on my first day of work so as to

5 All flights have been cancelled owing to

6 I won't switch my phone off in case

7 My colleague made a terrible mistake at work, so

8 She has a very demanding job. However,

a. Вычеркните связующее слово, которое НЕ подходит.

Ответ:

1 owing to (из-за)

2 Consequently (следовательно)

3 Even though (хотя)

4 because (потому что)

5 not to (чтобы не)

6 due to (из-за)

7 nevertheless (тем не менее)

8 in case (в случае)

b. Подберите к выделенным словам в предложениях более формальные связующие слова из списка.

Ответ:

1 However: Nevertheless, Nonetheless (Тем не менее, однако)

2 so: Consequently, Therefore (Следовательно, поэтому)

3 because: as, since, seeing as (поскольку, так как)

4 because of: due to, owing to (из-за, по причине)

5 to: in order to, so as to (для того чтобы)

6 though: although, even though, despite the fact that (хотя, несмотря на то что)

7 but: yet (однако, но)

c. Дополните второе предложение так, чтобы оно имело такое же значение, как и первое. Используйте слово в скобках.

Ответ:

1 You are being sent a reminder since we have not received payment for your last bill. (Вам отправляют напоминание, поскольку мы не получили оплату за ваш последний счет.)

2 She wrote down the appointment so as not to forget it. (Она записала встречу, чтобы не забыть о ней.)

3 The motorway is being resurfaced, and as a result, it will be closed until the end of the year. (Автомагистраль ремонтируют, и в результате она будет закрыта до конца года.)

4 You'd better take your keys in case I go out. (Тебе лучше взять ключи на случай, если я уйду.)

5 He decided to apply for the job despite not meeting all the requirements. (Он решил подать заявление на работу, несмотря на несоответствие всем требованиям.)

6 I had an early night so that I would be ready for the exam the next day. (Я лег спать рано, чтобы быть готовым к экзамену на следующий день.)

7 She was offered the job in spite of not being able to go to the interview. (Ей предложили работу, несмотря на то, что она не смогла прийти на собеседование.)

8 He was unable to attend the conference owing to his illness. (Он не смог посетить конференцию из-за своей болезни.)

d. Дополните предложения подходящим окончанием.

Ответ:

1 We had a great holiday in spite of the disappointing weather. (У нас был отличный отпуск, несмотря на разочаровывающую погоду.)

2 The town centre has been pedestrianized. As a result, it's much quieter and safer for shoppers. (Центр города сделали пешеходным. В результате он стал намного тише и безопаснее для покупателей.)

3 I doubt that Ben will be offered the job, seeing as he has no relevant experience. (Я сомневаюсь, что Бену предложат эту работу, поскольку у него нет соответствующего опыта.)

4 I arrived early on my first day of work so as to make a good impression. (Я пришел рано в свой первый рабочий день, чтобы произвести хорошее впечатление.)

5 All flights have been cancelled owing to the heavy snowstorm. (Все рейсы отменены из-за сильной метели.)

6 I won't switch my phone off in case someone needs to contact me urgently. (Я не буду выключать телефон на случай, если кому-то нужно будет срочно со мной связаться.)

7 My colleague made a terrible mistake at work, so our manager was very angry. (Мой коллега совершил ужасную ошибку на работе, поэтому наш менеджер был очень зол.)

8 She has a very demanding job. However, she manages to find time for her hobbies. (У нее очень ответственная работа. Однако ей удается находить время для своих хобби.)