номер 2, страница 28 - гдз по английскому языку 7 класс учебник Goldstein, Jones

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Our earliest human ancestors first stood on two legs around 6 million years ago. But it was the ability to share information which set our ancestors apart from the rest of the animals. Communication was very limited because there was no written language. People found other ways of communicating information, such as petroglyphs. Ancient people used rocks or bones to carve, scratch or engrave designs on rocks. It was a long process, but these images survived for hundreds and thousands of years.

Kazakhstan has a rich heritage of rock art monuments. One of the most famous complexes is Tamgaly, located 120 kilometres north of the city of Almaty. More than 5,000 drawings from the Bronze Age are saved here. One can see images of animals, people, hunting scenes and ritual ceremonies among them. Other famous petroglyph complexes in Kazakhstan are located in the tracts of Boraldai and Arpauzen in the Turkestan region and in the mountains of Khantau and Eshkiolmes.

Petroglyphs were not just a piece of decoration, they helped people to express thoughts through symbols, to communicate without words. With their help people provided important information - where water is located, what animals are found in these places, showed the way to a camp or a holy place. Many images are associated with the worship of ancient gods.

Petroglyphs remain an important source of knowledge about the past of mankind. They were the first step towards writing. Over time, people began to complicate their drawings; in ancient Egypt and China, to write texts people began to use complex symbols that represented sounds or whole words – hieroglyphs.