номер 1, страница 91 - гдз по английскому языку 7 класс учебник Goldstein, Jones

1 Read the heading and answer the questions: What do you know about Antarctica? Who are some famous polar explorers? What kinds of challenges might explorers face in the South Pole?

polar explorer adventurer flag normally lonely permanently sheet of ice cover violent frequent reach journey sport-utility vehicles trial run overland halved previous fatal radar scan ahead exploration prove realistic

The South Pole by car

What do you know about polar explorers? How do explorers and scientists get to Antarctica and the Arctic?

In 2011, a group of brave adventurers decided to plant Kazakhstan's flag at the Earth's South Pole in the centre of Antarctica. Scientists normally travel to the Pole by plane, but this team was different; they chose to go by car.

Antarctica is probably the loneliest place on Earth. It's bigger than Europe but nobody lives there permanently. A sheet of ice 1.6 kilometres deep covers Antarctica's flat plains and high mountains. The temperature can drop as low as -89o C. Violent winds and snow storms are frequent.

December 2011 was exactly 100 years after the first explorers reached the South Pole after a long and dangerous journey. The Kazakhstani team were the first people in the world to bring scientists to the South Pole by car.

The team of eight included Nurlan Abduov, an Almaty-based business leader who started the Kazakhstani Geographic Society. They drove 2,300 kilometres to the pole. They travelled in three special sport-utility vehicles from Russia's Antarctic base of Novolazarevskaya. Their cars were painted the same sky blue as Kazakhstan's flag.

Two members of the group had already done a trial run the previous year. The two Kazakhs were part of a Kazakh-Russian team that set a new overland speed record between Novolazarevskaya and the South Pole. They halved the previous journey time from seven days to only three and a half days.

Travelling by car over the ice can be very dangerous. There are big holes below the snow and ice that can't be seen from the surface. If a car fell into one of these large caves, it could be fatal. The solution to this problem was to use special radar that can scan ahead for dangers like this.

The two Kazakhstani expeditions have been important for the future of exploration and science in Antarctica. They proved that cars can travel to the pole in a few days, so they are now a realistic alternative to planes when the weather is too bad to fly. They also showed that Kazakhstan's Geographic Society has helped increase the world's scientific knowledge.

1. Прочитайте заголовок и ответьте на вопросы: Что вы знаете об Антарктиде? Кто из известных полярных исследователей вам знаком? С какими трудностями могут столкнуться исследователи на Южном полюсе?

Ответ:

Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. It's covered in ice and mostly only scientists live there. The text says it's bigger than Europe and the temperature can be as low as -89°C.

(Антарктида — самый холодный континент на Земле. Он покрыт льдом, и там живут в основном только учёные. В тексте говорится, что она больше Европы, а температура может опускаться до -89°C.)

I know about famous polar explorers like Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott. They had a race to be the first to reach the South Pole.

(Я знаю о таких известных полярных исследователях, как Руаль Амундсен и Роберт Скотт. Они соревновались, кто первым достигнет Южного полюса.)

Explorers at the South Pole face challenges like extreme cold, violent winds, and snow storms. A big danger mentioned in the text is hidden holes under the snow and ice that could be fatal if you fall into one.

(Исследователи на Южном полюсе сталкиваются с такими трудностями, как экстремальный холод, сильные ветры и снежные бури. Большая опасность, упомянутая в тексте, — это скрытые ямы под снегом и льдом, падение в которые может быть смертельным.)