номер 2, страница 60 - гдз по английскому языку 7 класс учебник Wetz, Styring

2 💿2.12 Read and listen to the text. Then answer the questions.

1 What are tectonic plates?

2 How many layers is the Earth made up of?

3 What is a hypocentre?

4 What does a seismograph measure?

5 How many earthquakes occur every year?

An earthquake is a sudden, violent shaking of the Earth's surface. The Earth is made up of four layers: the inner core in the centre, the outer core around it, the mantle and the crust on the surface. The crust is about 30-50 km thick, and it is broken into several pieces called tectonic plates. They are like puzzle pieces, and they move all the time. Earthquakes occur when two plates collide, move apart or slide next to each other.

The location below the Earth's surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocentre, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicentre. Scientists use a special instrument called a seismograph and a system called the Richter scale to record and measure the strength of an earthquake. The largest recorded earthquake occurred in Chile on May 22, 1960. It was 💿9.5 on the Richter scale.

Earthquakes are very dangerous and they can cause great damage to buildings and people. Moreover, after an earthquake there are often floods, landslides, avalanches or tsunamis. More than a million earthquakes occur every year, but most of them are minor and people don't feel them.

The most dangerous earthquakes are the ones that occur near big cities. The city of Almaty in Kazakhstan, for example, is located close to a zone where two tectonic plates meet: the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate. Almaty was destroyed or seriously damaged by earthquakes several times in the past, but the people rebuilt it. Scientists, engineers and the government worked together to make better buildings. They created maps showing the most dangerous zones in the city, and there is a lot of information available about what to do in case of an earthquake. At the moment, scientists cannot predict or prevent earthquakes, so the only way to stay safe is to be always prepared.

1. Что такое тектонические плиты?

Ответ: Tectonic plates are the pieces that the Earth's crust is broken into. They are like puzzle pieces, and they move all the time. / Тектонические плиты — это части, на которые разломана земная кора. Они похожи на кусочки пазла и постоянно движутся.

2. Из скольких слоев состоит Земля?

Ответ: The Earth is made up of four layers: the inner core, the outer core, the mantle, and the crust. / Земля состоит из четырех слоев: внутреннего ядра, внешнего ядра, мантии и коры.

3. Что такое гипоцентр?

Ответ: The hypocentre is the location below the Earth's surface where an earthquake starts. / Гипоцентр — это место под поверхностью Земли, где начинается землетрясение.

4. Что измеряет сейсмограф?

Ответ: A seismograph is a special instrument used to record and measure the strength of an earthquake. / Сейсмограф — это специальный прибор, используемый для регистрации и измерения силы землетрясения.

5. Сколько землетрясений происходит каждый год?

Ответ: More than a million earthquakes occur every year. / Ежегодно происходит более миллиона землетрясений.