Номер 6, страница 19 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Вербицкая, Каминс Карр

Unit Two.

Track Ten.

Part one.

Interviewer: Good evening and welcome. Tonight we've got educational psychologist, Dr. Helen Morton in the studio. We'll be discussing the work of Dr. Howard Gardner and his theories of genius. Sounds fun. Hello Dr. Morton. Thanks for joining us tonight.

Dr. Morton: Hi Harriet, nice to be here.

Interviewer: So first of all, tell us something about Dr. Gardner.

Dr. Morton: Well, in his earlier work, he examined what intelligence was. He worked out that there isn't only one way of being brainy or intelligent. It's not just about academic brilliance, passing exams, etcetera. I think we've all been a bit brainwashed about that, and ended up brain dead because of it. Right. Anyway, he worked out that the brain is intelligent in several different ways, like with language, music, people and so on. So basically, we're good at different things and have to build on our strengths, our different intelligences, not just one.

Interviewer: Right. So this led to his theories of genius.

Dr. Morton: Well, yes, I suppose it did. He called it being extraordinary. In fact, he wrote a book called Extraordinary Minds about four remarkable people.

Interviewer: Why only four?

Dr. Morton: Well, apparently, there are four types.

Interviewer: Which are?

Dr. Morton: Well, there's the Master, the Maker, the Introspector, and the Influencer. Dr. Gardner used Mozart as an example of a Master. Someone who did brilliantly in a certain field, in this case, music. Mozart didn't want to do new stuff. He just wanted to create marvelous music. Not like Freud, who's a Maker. Freud was always trying to create something new, and finally, he did. As you know, he's the brains behind psychoanalysis. He was more like a musician who creates completely new types of music, like Bob Marley or rappers in our times.

Interviewer: Okay. So there's a Master and a Maker. And the other two?

Dr. Morton: Well, the other two are to do with people. One is the Introspector. Someone who looks really deeply inside themselves and tries to understand people. So Gardner chose Virginia Woolf, the novelist. She didn't just think about what being a woman was like at the beginning of the twentieth century. She thought about what being conscious is like. What it means to be conscious of something.

Interviewer: Yes, like in her great book, Mrs. Dalloway.

Dr. Morton: Exactly. And the last person, this time involved with other human beings, is Gandhi. He's an Influencer because he tried to change the beliefs and actions of millions of people. First in South Africa, then in India. In the end, he influenced people in politics all over the world. We couldn't have had Nelson Mandela, for example, without Gandhi.

Interviewer: Fascinating. I never realized that. It's quite unbelievable.