Exercise 12A, page 2 - English File Studetn's book, pre-intermediate, Oxford

2 GRAMMAR past perfect

a Look at a sentence from one of the stories. Which action happened first? Number the sentences 1 and 2.

Walter only realized his wife wasn't in the car after he'd driven 100 kilometres.

1 Walter realized his wife wasn't in the car.
2 Walter drove 100 kilometres.

b What do you think 'd is a contraction of? What form of the verb is driven?

c Underline two more examples of the past perfect in each story.

d p.148 Grammar Bank 12A

12A past perfect

When I woke up the garden was all white. 12.1
It had snowed during the night.
I suddenly realized that I'd left my phone in the taxi.
We got home just in time – the match
hadn't started.
When she got to class, she realized that she
hadn't brought her book.
?A I went to Paris last weekend. I really loved it.
B Had you been there before?
A No, I hadn't.

We use the past perfect when we are already talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past action.
When I woke up the garden was all white. It had snowed during the
night. = It snowed before I woke up.
We make the past perfect with had / hadn't + the past participle.
The form of the past perfect is the same for all persons.
had is sometimes contracted to 'd.

had or would?
Be careful, 'd can be had or would.
I didn't know that you'd found a new job. ('d = had)
If you went by taxi, you'd get there much quicker. ('d = would)

12A

a Match the sentence halves.

I couldn't get into my flat because C
1 When our friends arrived,
2 I took the jacket back to the shop because
3 Jill didn't come with us because
4 I turned on the TV news
5 He was nervous because
6 When I got to the supermarket checkout,

A she'd made other plans.
B I realized that I'd left my wallet at home.
C I'd lost my keys.
D I'd bought the wrong size.
E it was the first time he'd flown.
F to see what had happened.
G we hadn't finished cooking the dinner.

b Complete the sentences. Put the verbs in the past simple or past perfect.

We didn't get a table in the restaurant because we hadn't booked. (not get, not book)

1 Caroline ____________ a lot, and I ____________ her. (change, not recognize)
2 My friend ____________ to tell me that I ____________ my coat in his car. (phone, leave)
3 When I ____________ the radio, the news ____________. (turn on, already finish)
4 She ____________ me the DVD because she ____________ it yet. (not lend, not watch)
5 The bar ____________ by the time we ____________. (close, arrive)
6 When we ____________ home, we saw that somebody ____________ the kitchen window. (get, break)
7 When we ____________ in the morning, we ____________ that it ____________ in the night. (get up, see, snow)

e Complete the sentences in your own words. Use the past perfect.

1 When I got to the airport I suddenly realized that...
2 When we arrived back from our holiday we found that...
3 When the film started I immediately realized that...
4 I couldn't answer any of the exam questions because I...
5 We spent 20 minutes in the car park looking for the car because we couldn't remember...

f Compare with a partner. Are your sentences the same or different?

g Communication What had happened? A p.106 B p.112 Try to guess your partner's sentences.

12A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student A

a Look at the odd numbered sentences (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) and think of the missing verb (+= positive verb, ☒ = negative verb).
Don't write anything yet!

1 Diana was very angry because her husband ____________ the dinner. ☒
2 We went back to see the house where we had lived when we were children.
3 He couldn't catch the plane because he ____________ his passport. +
4 The flat was very dirty because nobody had cleaned it for a long time.
5 We went back to the hotel where we ____________ on our honeymoon. +
6 The cat was hungry because it hadn't eaten anything for two days.
7 After I left the shop I suddenly remembered that I ____________ for the jacket. ☒
8 I ran to the station, but the last train had gone.
9 Miriam was happy to hear that she ____________ the exam. +
10 I didn't want to lend Jane the book because I
hadn't read it.
11 Jack was angry because I ____________ him to my party. ☒
12 They got to the cinema late and the film had started.

b Read your sentence 1 to B with the missing verb you chose. If it's not right, try again until B tells you 'That's right'. Then write in the verb.

c Listen to B say sentence 2. If it's the same as 2 above, say 'That's right'. If not, say 'Try again' until B gets it right.

d Take it in turns with sentences 3–12.

12A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student B

a Look at the even numbered sentences (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) and think of the missing verb (+= positive verb, ☒ = negative verb). Don't write anything yet!

1 Diana was very angry because her husband hadn't cooked the dinner.
2 We went back to see the house where we ____________ when we were children. +
3 He couldn't catch the plane because he had forgotten his passport.
4 The flat was very dirty because nobody ____________ it for a long time. +
5 We went back to the hotel where we had stayed on our honeymoon.
6 The cat was hungry because it ____________ anything for two days. ☒
7 After I left the shop I suddenly remembered that I hadn't paid for the jacket.
8 I ran to the station, but the last train ____________. +
9 Miriam was happy to hear that she had passed the exam.
10 I didn't want to lend Jane the book because I ____________ it. ☒
11 Jack was angry because I hadn't invited him to my party.
12 They got to the cinema late and the film ____________. +

b Listen to A say sentence 1. If it's the same as 1 above, say 'That's right'. If not, say 'Try again' until A gets it right.

c Read your sentence 2 to A with the missing verb you chose.
If it's not right, try again until A tells you 'That's right'. Then write in the verb.

d Take it in turns with sentences 3–12.

2. ГРАММАТИКА. Past Perfect

a. Посмотрите на предложение из одного из рассказов. Какое действие произошло первым? Пронумеруйте предложения 1 и 2.

Ответ:

b. Как вы думаете, сокращением чего является 'd? Какая форма у глагола driven?

Ответ:

'd is a contraction of had. / 'd - это сокращение от had.

Driven is the past participle. / Driven - это причастие прошедшего времени.

c. Подчеркните еще по два примера Past Perfect в каждом рассказе.

Ответ:

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.

12A. Past perfect

a. Соедините части предложений.

Ответ:

1 G we hadn’t finished cooking the dinner. / Когда наши друзья приехали, мы еще не закончили готовить ужин.

2 D I’d bought the wrong size. / Я вернул куртку в магазин, потому что купил не тот размер.

3 A she’d made other plans. / Джилл не пошла с нами, потому что у нее были другие планы.

4 F to see what had happened. / Я включил новости по телевизору, чтобы посмотреть, что случилось.

5 E it was the first time he’d flown. / Он нервничал, потому что летел впервые.

6 B I realized that I’d left my wallet at home. / Когда я подошел к кассе в супермаркете, я понял, что оставил кошелек дома.

b. Дополните предложения. Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

Ответ:

1 Caroline had changed a lot, and I didn't recognize her. / Кэролайн сильно изменилась, и я ее не узнал.

2 My friend phoned to tell me that I had left my coat in his car. / Мой друг позвонил, чтобы сказать, что я оставил пальто в его машине.

3 When I turned on the radio, the news had already finished. / Когда я включил радио, новости уже закончились.

4 She didn't lend me the DVD because she hadn't watched it yet. / Она не одолжила мне DVD, потому что еще не посмотрела его.

5 The bar had closed by the time we arrived. / Бар уже закрылся к тому времени, как мы приехали.

6 When we got home, we saw that somebody had broken the kitchen window. / Когда мы вернулись домой, мы увидели, что кто-то разбил кухонное окно.

7 When we got up in the morning, we saw that it had snowed in the night. / Когда мы проснулись утром, мы увидели, что ночью выпал снег.

e. Дополните предложения своими словами. Используйте Past Perfect.

Ответ:

1 When I got to the airport I suddenly realized that I had left my passport at home. / Когда я приехал в аэропорт, я вдруг понял, что оставил паспорт дома.

2 When we arrived back from our holiday we found that our neighbours had watered our plants. / Когда мы вернулись из отпуска, мы обнаружили, что наши соседи полили наши растения.

3 When the film started I immediately realized that I had seen it before. / Когда начался фильм, я сразу понял, что уже видел его.

4 I couldn't answer any of the exam questions because I hadn't studied at all. / Я не мог ответить ни на один вопрос экзамена, потому что совсем не готовился.

5 We spent 20 minutes in the car park looking for the car because we had forgotten where we had parked it. / Мы 20 минут искали машину на парковке, потому что забыли, где ее припарковали.

f. Сравните с партнером. Ваши предложения одинаковые или разные?

Ответ:

I cannot compare my sentences with a partner. / Я не могу сравнить свои предложения с партнером.

12A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student A

a. Посмотрите на нечетные предложения (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 и 11) и подумайте о пропущенном глаголе ([+] = утвердительный глагол, [−] = отрицательный глагол). Пока ничего не пишите!

Ответ:

1 Diana was very angry because her husband hadn't cooked the dinner. / Диана была очень зла, потому что ее муж не приготовил ужин.

3 He couldn't catch the plane because he had forgotten his passport. / Он не смог сесть на самолет, потому что забыл паспорт.

5 We went back to the hotel where we had stayed on our honeymoon. / Мы вернулись в отель, где останавливались во время нашего медового месяца.

7 After I left the shop I suddenly remembered that I hadn't paid for the jacket. / Выйдя из магазина, я вдруг вспомнил, что не заплатил за куртку.

9 Miriam was happy to hear that she had passed the exam. / Мириам была рада услышать, что она сдала экзамен.

11 Jack was angry because I hadn't invited him to my party. / Джек был зол, потому что я не пригласил его на свою вечеринку.

12A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student B

a. Посмотрите на четные предложения (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 и 12) и подумайте о пропущенном глаголе ([+] = утвердительный глагол, [−] = отрицательный глагол). Пока ничего не пишите!

Ответ:

2 We went back to see the house where we had lived when we were children. / Мы вернулись посмотреть на дом, где мы жили в детстве.

4 The flat was very dirty because nobody had cleaned it for a long time. / Квартира была очень грязной, потому что ее давно никто не убирал.

6 The cat was hungry because it hadn't eaten anything for two days. / Кот был голоден, потому что ничего не ел два дня.

8 I ran to the station, but the last train had gone. / Я прибежал на станцию, но последний поезд уже ушел.

10 I didn't want to lend Jane the book because I hadn't read it. / Я не хотел одалживать Джейн книгу, потому что я ее не читал.

12 They got to the cinema late and the film had started. / Они опоздали в кино, и фильм уже начался.