Номер 3, страница 17, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

Часть 2. Unit 3. Science and technology. Step 3 - номер 3, страница 17.

Условие.

3 A. Read the text and answer the questions after it.

History of Technology

Part I

The history of technology begins with the use of the stone tools by the earliest humans.

The Old Stone Age, which began about 2.5 million years ago, produced stone tools, the use of fire, spears, the bow [bəʊ] and arrows and simple oil lamps.

The New Stone Age, which began about 9000 BC, saw early farming, the use of the digging stick and the wooden hoe [həʊ]. The stone tools were improved and stone axes began to be used for cutting down trees. Neolithic people learned to make pots, cloth, baskets, build houses and use early boats.

spear

bow and arrow

oil lamp

digging stick

wood hoe

stone axe

cloth

baskets

The Bronze Age, beginning about 4000 BC, gave birth to agricultural civilization. The use of copper¹ and bronze led to a lot of new techniques and devices. That was the time when trade first appeared. Copper and bronze hand weapons came into use as well as horse-drawn war chariots. Building technology also developed fast during the Bronze Age. That was the time when people began building pyramids which still impress us. While constructing pyramids, Bronze Age builders solved some of the most difficult problems of construction technologies. They also knew how to irrigate² their lands to get good crops.

column

plough

waterwheel

chariot

dome

fleet

aqueduct

arch

The Iron Age, which began about 2000 BC, was a new technical era [ˈɪrə]. First of all, iron started to be used in making weapons, and iron weapons gave Greece its military power. The Greeks built a large fleet which they used for trading and for fighting in their wars. Greek builders used stone to produce their noble structures with massive columns.

The skill of Roman engineers is legendary. They learned to build stone arches, domes and aqueducts [ˈækwɪdʌkts]. Roman engineers constructed the water-wheel to use its power. Even more important was the invention of the heavy plough [plaʊ]. This new plough helped the civilization of northern Europe to develop.

1) What four eras in people’s history are mentioned in the text?

2) What were the most important inventions of each era?

3) Which of the things mentioned in the text were new to you?

B. Listen to the text, (43), and read it aloud.

Решение 1.

Решение 2.

Решение 3.

A. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы после него.

1) Какие четыре эры в истории человечества упомянуты в тексте?

Ответ:

The text mentions four eras: the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age (Neolithic), the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.

(В тексте упоминаются четыре эры: Древний каменный век, Новый каменный век (неолит), Бронзовый век и Железный век.)

2) Какими были самые важные изобретения каждой эры?

Ответ:

The most important inventions of each era were:

(Самыми важными изобретениями каждой эры были:)

Era (Эра)	Inventions (Изобретения)
Old Stone Age (Древний каменный век)	stone tools, the use of fire, spears, the bow and arrow, simple oil lamps. (каменные орудия, использование огня, копья, лук и стрелы, простые масляные лампы.)
New Stone Age (Новый каменный век)	improved stone tools (stone axes), digging stick, wooden hoe, pots, cloth, baskets, houses, early boats. (улучшенные каменные орудия (каменные топоры), палка-копалка, деревянная мотыга, горшки, ткань, корзины, дома, ранние лодки.)
Bronze Age (Бронзовый век)	copper and bronze weapons, horse-drawn war chariots, pyramids, irrigation. (медное и бронзовое оружие, боевые колесницы, запряженные лошадьми, пирамиды, ирригация.)
Iron Age (Железный век)	iron weapons, large fleet, stone structures with columns, stone arches, domes, aqueducts, the waterwheel, the heavy plough. (железное оружие, большой флот, каменные сооружения с колоннами, каменные арки, купола, акведуки, водяное колесо, тяжелый плуг.)

3) Какие из упомянутых в тексте вещей были для вас новыми?

Ответ:

For me, it was new to learn that the Romans constructed the waterwheel to use its power. I thought it was a later invention.

(Для меня было новым узнать, что римляне построили водяное колесо для использования его энергии. Я думал, что это было более позднее изобретение.)

B. Прослушайте текст (43) и прочтите его вслух.

Ответ:

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.