Номер 1, страница 114 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

Аудиозапись номер тридцать два к упражнению один.

Speaker 1: Look, Martin, I've just seen a new list of the Nobel Prize winners on the internet and I suddenly realized that I don't know much about Nobel Prizes. You know a lot more about sciences, can you enlighten me?

Speaker 2: I'll try to. As far as I know, these prizes are given not only for inventions or discoveries in physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine. People get the Nobel Prizes for literature and peace. There's also the prize in economic sciences.

Speaker 1: Where does the money for these prizes come from?

Speaker 2: It was left by the Swedish engineer, inventor and armaments manufacturer, Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite.

Speaker 1: When did it happen?

Speaker 2: Nobel died in eighteen ninety-six. He left nearly nine million dollars to set up these prizes that now have his name.

Speaker 1: What's known about him?

Speaker 2: Well, he made a lot of money through his invention of explosive dynamite, the production of which brought Nobel his millions. He lived alone, avoided other people and was a pacifist.

Speaker 1: When did he invent dynamite?

Speaker 2: In eighteen sixty-six. You know, there's a sad side of this invention. In the eighteen sixties, Alfred Nobel and his father Emanuel, who was also an inventor, began to produce nitroglycerin in a factory near Stockholm. An accident in the factory killed five people including Nobel's younger brother Emil.

Speaker 1: How awful!

Speaker 2: Yes, indeed. So Alfred began looking for a safer way of dealing with nitroglycerin, invented dynamite and patented it under this name.

Speaker 1: Was it his only patent?

Speaker 2: No, a skillful engineer, he introduced more than three hundred fifty patents.

Speaker 1: It's strange in my view that there's no prize for discoveries in mathematics.

Speaker 2: True. As a matter of fact, Nobel established prizes for achievements in only five fields. Much later in nineteen sixty-nine, the prize in economic sciences was introduced. It's financed by the Central Bank of Sweden.

Speaker 1: And who makes decisions about the winners?

Speaker 2: Winners in physics, chemistry and economic sciences are named by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Those in physiology or medicine by the Karolinska Institute. Those in literature by the Swedish Academy, and those who contribute into peace by the Norwegian Nobel Committee. The Peace Prize is awarded to individuals and to organizations.