CAN YOU understand this text?, страница 25 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

CAN YOU understand this text?

a Read the article once and complete the headings.

b Read the article again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.

1 Babies can distinguish between different voices before they are born.

2 Newborn babies can recognize languages other than their own.

3 The first kinds of words a toddler learns are words describing coloured objects.

4 Children watch adults carefully when trying to learn new words.

5 Until they are two years old, children can only name people or objects.

6 Small children all learn and say single words before they learn and say groups of words.

7 Children tend to learn regular verb forms before irregular ones.

8 Making mistakes is an effective way to learn language.

9 Children pick up grammar rules without being taught.

How children learn language

There are five things that every parent should know about how children learn language.

1 It begins e_______

Children don't even wait until they are born to start listening to language. Speech can be heard in the womb clearly enough to identify the basic rhythm and certain features of the speaker's voice. At birth, babies prefer their mother's voice to other female voices, the language of their parents over other languages, and they are able to recognize that an English sentence does not sound the same as a French sentence.

2 It happens f_______

Between age two and six, children average ten new words a day. By age six, they have a vocabulary of about 14,000 words, and over the next few years, they learn as many as twenty new words per day. At the beginning, they rely on simple strategies. One is to assume that new words refer to objects, rather than to colour, or texture, or activities. If a father points to a sheep and says sheep, his eighteen-month-old daughter assumes that 'sheep' refers to the animal itself, not to the fact that it's white, or woolly, or munching on grass. Perhaps the most important strategy involves noticing subtle clues in the behaviour of adults. For example, realizing that adults tend to look at the thing they are talking about makes it a lot easier to understand the meaning of what is said.

3 No two children are the s_______

Some children are initially better than others at identifying individual words and at pronouncing them clearly. By eighteen months, they can name people (Daddy, Mummy) and objects (cat, car), and they use simple words like up, hot, and hungry to describe how they feel and what they want. Other children memorize and produce relatively large chunks of speech, even though they are often poorly articulated: whatsat (What's that?), dunno (I don't know), awgone (It's all gone), and it's unlikely that children know what the component parts are.

4 Errors are g_______

Children make many mistakes when they learn language, such as 'goed' for went or 'eated' for ate. Mistakes mean that children are discovering the rules of English – adding -ed to a verb is the basic way to form the past tense in English. It may take several hundred exposures to the right past tense form of a verb before all the errors are eliminated, but mistakes are a normal part of the language acquisition process, and they disappear as a normal part of that same process.

5 It's w_______ you say

Children most need to hear language being used to talk about things they can see and feel, what they have just experienced or are about to experience. This provides the raw material they need to figure out what words mean, where a subject or a direct object fits into a sentence, how to ask a question, and all the other things that make up language. So, talk to children about what matters to them. They will take care of the rest.

Abridged from an academic website

a. Прочитайте статью один раз и дополните заголовки.

b. Прочитайте статью еще раз и отметьте предложения T (правда) или F (ложь). Исправьте ложные предложения.

Ответ:

a

1 It begins early.
Это начинается рано.

2 It happens fast.
Это происходит быстро.

3 No two children are the same.
Нет двух одинаковых детей.

4 Errors are good.
Ошибки – это хорошо.

5 It’s what you say.
Это то, что вы говорите.

b

1 T (True)
T (Правда)

2 T (True)
T (Правда)

3 F (False). The first kinds of words a toddler learns are words referring to objects.
F (Ложь). Первые слова, которые учит ребенок, — это слова, обозначающие предметы.

4 T (True)
T (Правда)

5 F (False). By eighteen months, children can also use simple words to describe how they feel and what they want.
F (Ложь). К полутора годам дети также могут использовать простые слова, чтобы описать, что они чувствуют и чего хотят.

6 F (False). Some children learn chunks of speech before they learn single words.
F (Ложь). Некоторые дети учат целые фразы, прежде чем выучить отдельные слова.

7 T (True)
T (Правда)

8 T (True)
T (Правда)

9 T (True)
T (Правда)