Номер 71, страница 50 - гдз по английскому языку 7 класс (enjoy english) учебник Биболетова

GRAMMAR FOCUS: PASSIVE VOICE

71 Read and remember.

• В английском языке существуют два способа описывать одни и те же действия: с помощью действительного залога (Active Voice) и страдательного залога (Passive Voice).

Сравните:

The teacher gave us a lot of homework.

Учитель задал нам большое домашнее задание.

(Подлежащее является действующим лицом в предложении.)

A lot of homework was given to us by our teacher.

Большое домашнее задание было дано нам учителем.

(Подлежащее не является действующим лицом.)

• При изменении глагола в действительном залоге на глагол в страдательном залоге вся конструкция предложения меняется:

Active

Many people in Russia speak English well.

Много людей в России хорошо говорят на английском языке.

Passive

English is spoken well by many people in Russia.

• Англичане предпочитают употреблять пассивную форму глагола в тех случаях, когда более важен объект действия, чем тот, кто это действие совершает. В тех случаях, когда важно, кто (или что) совершил (совершило) действие, используется предлог by:

St Paul's Cathedral was built by Sir Christopher Wren.

The clouds are moved by the wind.

• Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в соответствующем лице, числе, времени и III формы основного глагола (Participle II):

to be (am / is / are / was / were / will be) + Participle II (the third form of the verbs)

She was given flowers by Steve.

The story was told by my grandma.

These apples were bought at the market.

This present will be given to my little sister on her birthday.

71 Translate into Russian. Say which is used in the sentence: the Present, Past or Future Simple.

1. Russian is spoken by many millions of people.

2. The window was opened by my dad.

3. Our rooms are cleaned every morning.

4. Our new English textbook will be published next year.

5. The letters were sent a week ago.

6. The first stations of the London Tube were built more than a hundred years ago.

7. English and German are taught in lots of schools.

8. Who will be asked at Maths lesson today?

9. Bread and milk are bought every Friday in our local shop.

10. The film was shown last year.

11. The vegetables were bought at the market on Sunday morning.

12. We hope that in the future Russian will be studied in lots of countries.