Номер 1, страница 76 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс (starlight) учебник Баранова, Дули

Module 4. Still a mystery. 4f. Recreating monsters - номер 1, страница 76.

Условие 2019-2022.

4f Recreating monsters

BACK TO LIFE!

When the last Pyrenean ibex died, killed by a falling tree, the species officially became extinct. But scientists had already taken and carefully preserved DNA samples from this wild mountain goat. Using these samples and a domestic goat's ovary eggs, they were able to bring the Pyrenean ibex back to life. Even though the clone lived for only seven minutes, some scientists claim that advanced techniques could now be used to clone dinosaurs and unleash a real-life 'Jurassic Park' on the world!

Could a T-rex really walk the Earth again? Well, dinosaurs were roaming the Earth over 65 million years ago and dinosaur DNA doesn't last that long, even in teeth or bones. 1 Jack Horner, a world famous palaeontologist at Montana State University, however, disagrees. "Of course we can bring them back to life," he says. "The science is there."

In fact, in 2003, Jack and his team made a breakthrough that amazed scientists. While excavating the skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex at a remote site in Montana, its thigh bone broke in two as they were lifting it by helicopter. Back at the university, one of Jack's students was running tests on the bone when she suddenly found organic material. 2 It was an astonishing finding that suggests that DNA might last a lot longer than originally believed after all.

So does this mean that we will be sharing Earth with cloned T-rexes in the future? Jack believes it's possible, but a complete genetic map of a dinosaur would have to be worked out first and that might take decades. 3 Most scientists believe that birds are distant relatives of certain types of dinosaur and have some dormant DNA from their ancestors. So perhaps the answer lies with birds?

Jack is not the only one following this line of research. At McGill University in Canada, Hans Larsson has conducted experiments into reactivating dinosaur DNA in birds. He had been investigating the evolution of dinosaurs' long tails into birds' short tails more than 150 million years ago. Larsson noticed that as an embryo a chicken's tail has 16 small bones, but only five when it hatched out of the egg. 4

Larsson found that by changing the genetic make-up of a chicken he could enlarge its tail by three more bones. 5 Larsson is convinced that this "reverse evolution" means that we could see a type of dinosaur within the next hundred years!

6 The Tokyo researchers believe that they can bring the woolly mammoth back from the dead very soon. This distant ancestor of an elephant died out 8,000 years ago, so the chances of finding usable DNA are much higher. They intend to go on an expedition to frozen Siberia where they are optimistic that they will find the necessary organic material.

Scientists like Jack Horner are fascinated by the idea of unlocking the mysteries of a lost prehistoric world! He imagines himself teaching students on stage accompanied by what he calls a dino-chicken on a lead! 7 Jack says, "There is now nothing to stop us bringing back dinosaurs but ourselves." He continues, though, "Whether it is a good idea or not is another question."

DNA: acid in the cells of living things which determines the structure and function of every cell; also responsible for characteristics being passed on from parents to children.

Check these words

officially, preserve, domestic, clone, unleash, roam, last, make a breakthrough, excavate, remote, thigh bone, organic material, finding, genetic map, distant relative, dormant, ancestor, conduct experiments, reactivate, evolution, embryo, hatch, reverse, expedition, optimistic, prehistoric, lead, revive, impressive, alteration, magnify, ambitious, satisfying, blueprint, survive

Vocabulary & Reading

1 Read the definition and then the newspaper headline. Could DNA help bring extinct animals back to life ? Read the text to find out.

DINOSAUR BLOOD VESSELS FOUND

IN 68-MILLION-YEAR-OLD T-REX SKELETON

Условие 2023-2027.

BACK TO LIFE!

When the last Pyrenean ibex died, killed by a falling tree, the species officially became extinct. But scientists had already taken and carefully preserved DNA samples from this wild mountain goat. Using these samples and a domestic goat’s ovary eggs, they were able to bring the Pyrenean ibex back to life. Even though the clone lived for only seven minutes, some scientists claim that advanced techniques could now be used to clone dinosaurs and unleash a real-life ‘Jurassic Park’ on the world!

Could a T-rex really walk the Earth again? Well, dinosaurs were roaming the Earth over 65 million years ago and dinosaur DNA doesn’t last that long, even in teeth or bones. 1 Jack Horner, a world famous palaeontologist at Montana State University, however, disagrees. “Of course we can bring them back to life,” he says. “The science is there.”

In fact, in 2003, Jack and his team made a breakthrough that amazed scientists. While excavating the skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex at a remote site in Montana, its thigh bone broke in two as they were lifting it by helicopter. Back at the university, one of Jack’s students was running tests on the bone when she suddenly found organic material. 2 It was an astonishing finding that suggests that DNA might last a lot longer than it has been originally believed, after all.

So does this mean that we will be sharing Earth with cloned T-rexes in the future? Jack believes it’s possible, but a complete genetic map of a dinosaur would have to be worked out first and that might take decades. 3 Most scientists believe that birds are distant relatives of certain types of dinosaur and have some dormant DNA from their ancestors.

So perhaps the answer lies with birds?

Jack is not the only one following

this line of research. At McGill University in Canada, Hans Larsson has conducted experiments into reactivating dinosaur DNA in birds. He had been investigating the evolution of dinosaurs’ long tails into birds’ short tails more than 150 million years ago. Larsson noticed that as an embryo a chicken’s tail has 16 small bones, but only five when it hatched out of the egg. 4

Larsson found that by changing the genetic make-up of a chicken he could enlarge its tail by three more bones. 5 Larsson is convinced that this “reverse evolution” means that we could see a type of dinosaur within the next hundred years!

6 The Tokyo researchers believe that they can bring the woolly mammoth back from the dead very soon. This distant ancestor of an elephant died out 8,000 years ago, so the chances of finding usable DNA are much higher. They intend to go on an expedition to frozen Siberia where they are optimistic that they will find the necessary organic material.

Scientists like Jack Horner are fascinated by the idea of unlocking the mysteries of a lost prehistoric world! He imagines himself teaching students on stage accompanied by what he calls a dino-chicken on a lead! 7 Jack says, “There is now nothing to stop us bringing back dinosaurs but ourselves.” He continues, though, “Whether it is a good idea or not is another question.”

Vocabulary & Reading

1 Read the definition and then the newspaper headline. Could DNA help bring extinct animals back to life ? Read the text to find out.

DNA: acid in the cells of living things which determines the structure and function of every cell; also responsible for characteristics being passed on from parents to children.

DINOSAUR BLOOD VESSELS FOUND IN 68-MILLION-YEAR-OLD T-REX SKELETON

Решение 2023-2027.

Решение 2 2023-2027.

Прочтите определение, а затем заголовок газеты. Может ли ДНК помочь вернуть вымерших животных к жизни? Прочитайте текст, чтобы узнать.

Ответ:

Yes, according to the text, DNA could help bring extinct animals back to life. Scientists have already cloned the Pyrenean ibex, although it only lived for a short time. Paleontologist Jack Horner believes the science is there to bring back dinosaurs, and his team found organic material in a T-rex bone, suggesting DNA might last longer than thought. Other researchers are looking into "reverse evolution" to create dinosaur-like creatures from birds by manipulating their DNA, and some believe we could see a type of dinosaur within a hundred years. There are also efforts to bring back woolly mammoths, where the chances of finding usable DNA are higher.

Да, согласно тексту, ДНК может помочь вернуть вымерших животных к жизни. Ученые уже клонировали пиренейского козерога, хотя он прожил недолго. Палеонтолог Джек Хорнер считает, что наука позволяет вернуть динозавров, и его команда нашла органический материал в кости T-рекса, предполагая, что ДНК может сохраняться дольше, чем считалось. Другие исследователи изучают "обратную эволюцию", чтобы создавать динозавроподобных существ из птиц путем манипулирования их ДНК, и некоторые считают, что мы можем увидеть тип динозавра в течение ста лет. Также предпринимаются усилия по возвращению шерстистых мамонтов, где шансы найти пригодную ДНК выше.