Grammar, страница 31 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Комарова, Ларионова

Unit 2. Great Escapes. Language guide - страница 31.

Условие.

Grammar

Past simple and past continuous

past simple

• We use the past simple to talk about events in the past.

• All persons are the same.

• We make negative sentences in the past with didn't and the infinitive without to.

  They didn't land on the runway.

• We make questions in the past with Did and the infinitive without to.

  Did he open the door?

• In short answers we don't repeat the main verb.

past continuous

• We use the past continuous to describe an action in progress in the past.

• We form the past continuous with subject + be + verb + -ing.

  They were flying very low.

• In questions, the order is be + subject + verb + -ing.

  Were they standing on the rescue raft?

• In short answers, we don't repeat the verb + -ing:

  Yes, they were. Yes, they were standing.

past simple vs past continuous

• We often use the past simple and the past continuous in the same sentence.

• We use the past simple for short actions. We use the past continuous for longer actions. The past simple describes an event that happens during a longer action in the past continuous.

• We normally use when before the past simple clause and while before the continuous clause.

  Flight 1549 was taking off from LaGuardia airport when it hit a flock of birds.

  While Flight 1549 was taking off from LaGuardia airport, it hit a flock of birds.

Pronunciation: past simple endings

• The pronunciation of past simple regular verbs changes, depending on the spelling of the verb:

• When the verb ends in an unvoiced sound, the -ed ending is pronounced [t]: look → looked

• When the verb ends in a voiced sound, the -ed ending is pronounced [d]: fail → failed

• When the verb ends in -t or -d, the -ed ending is pronounced [id]: land → landed

• For irregular verbs, see Irregular verbs list, p163.

Present perfect

affirmative	I / You / We / They've (have)		come here.
	He / She / It's (has)
negative	I / You / We / They haven't (have not)		felt so afraid.
	He / She / It hasn't (has not)
questions	Have	I / you / we / they	survived?
	Has	he / she / it
short answers	Yes, I / you / we / you / they have. / No, I / you / we / they haven't.
	Yes, he / she / it has. / No, he / she / it hasn't.

• We use the present perfect to talk about experiences in the past, when we don't mention the exact time.

• We use subject + has / have + past participle.

• For irregular past participles, see Irregular verbs list, p163.

• We often use ever to ask questions about experiences in the past. In short answers we don't repeat the main verb.

  Have you ever been to a historical re-enactment? Yes, I have. / No, we haven't.

• We often use never with the present perfect to talk about experiences we have not had. We use subject + has / have + never + past participle.

  He's never felt so afraid.

Grammar bank → Workbook p100

Решение 2.