Grammar, страница 71 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Комарова, Ларионова

Unit 5. Our сhanging world. Language guide - страница 71.

Условие.

Grammar

First and second conditionals

We use the first conditional to talk about possible situations and their consequences.

To form first conditional sentences we use If + subject + present simple for the situation, and subject + will/won’t + infinitive without to for the consequence.

We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary situations and their consequences.

To form second conditional sentences we use If + subject + past simple for the situation, and subject + would/wouldn’t + infinitive without to for the consequence.

first conditional
situation	consequence
If global warming continues,	the sea level will rise.
consequence	situation
Polar bears will be in danger of extinction	if the ice cap continues to melt.

second conditional
situation	consequence
If the Thames Barrier failed,	London would be under water.
consequence	situation
People wouldn’t get so ill	if they had clean water.

We can put the situation first or we can put the consequence first. If the situation comes first, we put a comma.

If the sea level continues to rise, many places will be in danger.

We don’t put a comma if the consequence comes first.

Many places will be in danger if the sea level continues to rise.

We don’t use will or would in the if-clause:

If it continues to rain, the river will flood. ✓

If it will continue to rain, the river will flood. ✕

I wish ...

We also use the second conditional to express wishes about now or in general.

I wish I wasn’t/weren’t scared of spiders.

I wish I lived in a bigger house.

Third conditional

We use the third conditional to talk about situations that happened in the past and their imaginary consequences.

If I had known that the land used for cattle was destroying the rainforest, I would have become a vegetarian years ago.

To form third conditional sentences we use If + subject + past perfect for the situation, and subject + would have / wouldn’t have + past participle for the consequence.

third conditional
situation	consequence
If I had read the labels,	I would have realized the food was genetically modified.
If we hadn’t taken the food from the rubbish bin,	it would have gone to a landfill site.
consequence	situation
I would have realized the food was genetically modified	if I had read the labels.
It would have gone to a landfill site	if we hadn’t taken the food from the rubbish bin.

We can put the situation first or we can put the consequence first. If the situation comes first, we put a comma.

If I had known it was out of date, I wouldn’t have bought the product.

We don’t put a comma if the consequence comes first.

I wouldn’t have bought the product if I had known it was out of date.

Grammar bank → Workbook p107

Решение 2.