Grammar, страница 83 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Комарова, Ларионова

Unit 6. Express yourself. Language guide - страница 83.

Условие.

Grammar

The passive: affirmative and negative

• We use the passive when we want to focus on the recipient of an action in a sentence, not the doer. The castle is owned by Lord Glasgow.

• We also use the passive when we don't know who does the action. Arrangements were made for the artists to spend a month at Kelburn Castle.

• We use the passive more in writing than in speaking.

• We often use the passive in writing to describe a process. After the design was developed, the walls were painted white. The project was finished in about four weeks.

The passive: present, past and future

• We use subject + is/are + past participle to make the present simple passive. The castle is located on Scotland’s west coast.

• We use subject + was/were + past participle to make the past simple passive. The design was developed by the Brazilians.

• We use subject + will + be + past participle to make the future passive. The castle will be repaired at some point in the future.

active to passive

• Active sentences start with the doer of the action. Graffiti artists painted the castle. (The focus of the sentence is on the graffiti artists.)

• Passive sentences start with the recipient of the action. The castle was painted by graffiti artists. (The focus of the sentence is on the castle.)

by

• We use by to introduce the person or thing which does the action in passive sentences. The artists were invited by Lord Glasgow.

• We only use by when it’s important to mention who did the action. The design was created in the studio (by artists).

The passive: questions

• We make questions in the passive in the same way as we do in active sentences, by changing the order of the words.

present
How	is	the Turner Prize	awarded?
How	are	the installations	made?

past
Why	was	the man	arrested?
Why	were	eggs	thrown?

future
Where	will	the artwork	be hung?
	will	the winner	be awarded?

• We use Is/Are + subject + past participle to make questions in the present simple passive.

• We use Was/Were + subject + past participle to make questions in the past simple passive.

• We use Will + subject + be + past participle to make questions in the future passive.

Participle (-ing and -ed) clauses

• We use participle clauses mainly in written English.

• We use participle clauses to shorten sentences.

• We can form participle clauses with the present participle (-ing) or past participle (-ed). There’s someone shouting for help. Bradbury’s ‘Fahrenheit 451’, published in 1953, became an instant classic.

• Participle clauses with the past participle (-ed) have a passive meaning.

Grammar bank → Workbook p109

Решение 1.

Решение 2.