номер 1, страница 84 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс (spotlight) тренировочные упражнения в формате огэ (гиа) Ваулина, Подоляко

1. Read the texts. Match the descriptions of the people's behaviour to the descriptions of phobias. One behaviour description is extra.

1. Maria won't join us for an excursion as the weather forecast promises rain and even a storm.

2. Ann refused a good job because her office was on the 20th floor and with huge windows.

3. George will go to the country with us only if we return early. He hates to drive in the evening.

4. Helen won't go with you to the Black Sea coast. She doesn't like hot crowded places.

5. Robert has found a wonderful job but he has to walk every day to the 15th floor as he never uses lifts.

6. David refuses to speak at the meeting. He gets lost in front of a big audience.

A. Claustrophobia is the fear of having no escape and being closed in small spaces or rooms. It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in panic attack, and can be the result of many situations, including elevators crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and even tight-necked clothing. One study indicates that 5-7% of the world population is affected by severe claustrophobia, but only a small percentage of these people receive some kind of treatment for the disorder.

B. Acrophobia is an extreme or irrational fear of heights. Most people experience a degree of natural fear when exposed to heights, especially if there is little or no protection. The lack of such fear is known as having a "head for heights". Acrophobia sufferers can experience a panic attack in a high place and become too excited to get themselves down safely. Between 2 and 5 percent of the general population suffer from acrophobia, with twice as many women affected as men.

C. Astraphobia is an abnormal fear of thunder and lightning. A person with astraphobia often feels anxious during a thunderstorm even when they understand that the threat to them is minimal. Some symptoms are typical of other phobias like trembling, crying, panic reactions. However, there are some reactions that are unique to astraphobia. For instance, many people may hide under a bed, under the covers, in a closet, in a basement, or in any other space where they feel safer.

D. Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear of the dark. It starts due to the brain's disfigured perception of what would or could happen when in a dark environment. The fear of darkness is a psychologically based feeling of being disposed from comfort to a fear-evoking state. The fear of darkness or night is a phobia generally related to children but many clinics with pediatric patients have a great chance of having adults as well.

E. Heliophobia is a strong fear of sunlight. Heliophobia forces its victims indoors whenever there is sunshine, it will make them more prone into becoming Vitamin D deficient. However, this can be corrected by taking Vitamin D foods. It should especially be noted that any form of heliophobia that is based on fears can result in agoraphobia, fear of public places. It means that people think that some environments are dangerous or uncomfortable because they are open or crowded.

READING

1. Read the texts. Match the descriptions of the people's behaviour (1–6) to the descriptions of phobias (A–E). One behaviour description is extra. Complete the table below.

1. Maria won't join us for an excursion as the weather forecast prom-ises rain and even a storm.

2. Ann refused a good job because her office was on the 20th floor and with huge windows.

3. George will go to the country with us only if we return early. He hates to drive in the evening.

4. Helen won't go with you to the Black Sea coast. She doesn't like hot crowded places.

5. Robert has found a wonderful job but he has to walk every day to the 15th floor as he never uses lifts.

6. David refuses to speak at the meeting. He gets lost in front of a big audience.

A. Claustrophobia is the fear of having no escape and being closed in small spaces or rooms. It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in panic attack, and can be the result of many situations, including elevators crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and even tight-necked clothing. One study indicates that 5–7% of the world popu-lation is affected by severe claustrophobia, but only a small percentage of these people receive some kind of treatment for the disorder.

B. Acrophobia is an extreme or irrational fear of heights. Most people experience a degree of natural fear when exposed to heights, especially if there is little or no protection. The lack of such fear is known as having a "head for heights". Acrophobia sufferers can experience a panic attack in a high place and become too excited to get themselves down safely. Between 2 and 5 percent of the general population suffer from acropho-bia, with twice as many women affected as men.

C. Astraphobia is an abnormal fear of thunder and lightning. A person with astraphobia often feels anxious during a thunderstorm even when they understand that the threat to them is minimal. Some symptoms are typical of other phobias like trembling, crying, panic reactions. However, there are some reactions that are unique to astraphobia. For instance, many people may hide under a bed, under the covers, in a closet, in a basement, or in any other space where they feel safer.

D. Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear of the dark. It starts due to the brain's disfigured perception of what would or could happen when in a dark environment. The fear of darkness is a psycholog-ically based feeling of being disposed from comfort to a fear-evoking state. The fear of darkness or night is a phobia generally related to chil-dren but many clinics with pediatric patients have a great chance of hav-ing adults as well.

E. Heliophobia is a strong fear of sunlight. Heliophobia forces its victims indoors whenever there is sunshine, it will make them more prone into becoming Vitamin D deficient. However, this can be corrected by taking Vitamin D foods. It should especially be noted that any form of heliopho-bia that is based on fears can result in agoraphobia, fear of public places. It means that people think that some environments are dangerous or uncomfortable because they are open or crowded.

Упражнение 1, страница 84

Прочитайте тексты. Сопоставьте описания поведения людей (1-6) с описаниями фобий (А-Е). Одно описание поведения лишнее. Заполните таблицу ниже.

1. Мария не пойдет с нами на экскурсию, так как прогноз погоды обещает дождь и даже шторм.

2. Энн отказалась от хорошей работы, потому что ее офис находится на 20-м этаже и с огромными окнами.

3. Джордж поедет с нами за город, только если мы вернемся пораньше. Он ненавидит водить машину вечером.

4. Хелен не поедет с вами на побережье Черного моря. Ей не нравятся жаркие многолюдные места.

5. Роберт нашел прекрасную работу, но ему приходится каждый день идти пешком на 15-й этаж, так как он никогда не пользуется лифтами.

6. Дэвид отказывается выступать на собрании. Он теряется перед большой аудиторией.

A.Claustrophobia is the fear of having no escape and being closed in small spaces or rooms. It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in panic attack, and can be the result of many situations, including elevators crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, and even tight-necked clothing. One study indicates that 5-7% of the world population is affected by severe claustrophobia, but only a small percentage of these people receive some kind of treatment for the disorder.
Клаустрофобия – это страх не иметь выхода и быть запертым в небольших помещениях или комнатах. Обычно это расстройство классифицируется как тревожное расстройство и часто приводит к панической атаке, и может быть результатом многих ситуаций, включая переполненные лифты, комнаты без окон и даже обтягивающую одежду. Одно исследование показывает, что 5-7% населения мира страдают от тяжелой клаустрофобии, но только небольшой процент этих людей получает какое-либо лечение от этого расстройства.

B.Acrophobia is an extreme or irrational fear of heights. Most people experience a degree of natural fear when exposed to heights, especially if there is little or no protection. The lack of such fear is known as having a "head for heights". Acrophobia sufferers can experience a panic attack in a high place and become too excited to get themselves down safely. Between 2 and 5 percent of the general population suffer from acrophobia, with twice as many women affected as men.
Акрофобия – это крайняя или иррациональная боязнь высоты. Большинство людей испытывают определенную степень естественного страха при воздействии высоты, особенно если нет или мало защиты. Отсутствие такого страха известно как «голова для высоты». Страдающие акрофобией могут испытывать паническую атаку на высоте и слишком волноваться, чтобы безопасно спуститься. От 2 до 5 процентов населения страдают акрофобией, причем женщин среди них вдвое больше, чем мужчин.

C. Astraphobia is an abnormal fear of thunder and lightning. A person with astraphobia often feels anxious during a thunderstorm even when they understand that the threat to them is minimal. Some symptoms are typical of other phobias like trembling, crying, panic reactions. However, there are some reactions that are unique to astraphobia. For instance, many people may hide under a bed, under the covers, in a closet, in a basement, or in any other space where they feel safer.
Астрафобия – это ненормальная боязнь грома и молнии. Человек с астрафобией часто испытывает тревогу во время грозы, даже когда понимает, что угроза для него минимальна. Некоторые симптомы типичны для других фобий, например, дрожь, плач, панические реакции. Однако есть некоторые реакции, которые свойственны только астрафобии. Например, многие люди могут прятаться под кроватью, под одеялом, в шкафу, в подвале или в любом другом месте, где они чувствуют себя в большей безопасности.

D. Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear of the dark. It starts due to the brain's disfigured perception of what would or could happen when in a dark environment. The fear of darkness is a psychologically based feeling of being disposed from comfort to a fear-evoking state. The fear of darkness or night is a phobia generally related to children but many clinics with pediatric patients have a great chance of having adults as well.
Никтофобия – это фобия, характеризующаяся сильным страхом темноты. Она начинается из-за искаженного восприятия мозгом того, что может или должно произойти в темной среде. Страх темноты – это психологически обусловленное чувство перехода от комфорта к состоянию, вызывающему страх. Страх темноты или ночи – это фобия, которая обычно свойственна детям, но во многих клиниках с пациентами детского возраста есть большая вероятность, что ею страдают и взрослые.

E. Heliophobia is a strong fear of sunlight. Heliophobia forces its victims indoors whenever there is sunshine, it will make them more prone into becoming Vitamin D deficient. However, this can be corrected by taking Vitamin D foods. It should especially be noted that any form of heliophobia that is based on fears can result in agoraphobia, fear of public places. It means that people think that some environments are dangerous or uncomfortable because they are open or crowded.
Гелиофобия – это сильный страх солнечного света. Гелиофобия заставляет своих жертв находиться в помещении всякий раз, когда светит солнце, это делает их более склонными к дефициту витамина Д. Однако это можно исправить, принимая продукты с витамином Д. Следует особо отметить, что любая форма гелиофобии, основанная на страхах, может привести к агорафобии, боязни общественных мест. Это означает, что люди считают некоторые среды опасными или неудобными, потому что они открыты или переполнены.

Ответ:

1. Прочитайте тексты. Сопоставьте описания поведения людей (1–6) с описаниями фобий (A–E). Одно описание поведения является лишним. Заполните таблицу ниже.

Ответ:

1. Maria won't join us for an excursion as the weather forecast promises rain and even a storm.

Мария не поедет с нами на экскурсию, так как прогноз погоды обещает дождь и даже грозу.

This matches C. Astraphobia, which is an abnormal fear of thunder and lightning.

Это соответствует C. Астрафобия, которая является аномальным страхом грома и молнии.

2. Ann refused a good job because her office was on the 20th floor and with huge windows.

Энн отказалась от хорошей работы, потому что ее офис был на 20-м этаже и с огромными окнами.

This matches B. Acrophobia, which is an extreme or irrational fear of heights.

Это соответствует B. Акрофобия, которая является крайним или иррациональным страхом высоты.

3. George will go to the country with us only if we return early. He hates to drive in the evening.

Джордж поедет с нами за город только при условии, что мы вернемся рано. Он не любит водить машину вечером.

This matches D. Nyctophobia, which is a severe fear of the dark or night.

Это соответствует D. Никтофобия, которая является сильным страхом темноты или ночи.

4. Helen won't go with you to the Black Sea coast. She doesn't like hot crowded places.

Хелен не поедет с вами на побережье Черного моря. Она не любит жаркие людные места.

This matches E. Heliophobia, as its description mentions that fear of sunlight can result in agoraphobia (fear of public places) and people think some environments are dangerous or uncomfortable because they are open or crowded.

Это соответствует E. Гелиофобия, поскольку в ее описании упоминается, что страх солнечного света может привести к агорафобии (страху общественных мест), и люди считают некоторые среды опасными или некомфортными из-за того, что они открыты или переполнены.

5. Robert has found a wonderful job but he has to walk every day to the 15th floor as he never uses lifts.

Роберт нашел замечательную работу, но ему приходится каждый день подниматься на 15-й этаж пешком, так как он никогда не пользуется лифтами.

This matches A. Claustrophobia, which is the fear of being closed in small spaces or rooms, like elevators.

Это соответствует A. Клаустрофобия, которая является страхом замкнутых малых пространств или комнат, таких как лифты.

6. David refuses to speak at the meeting. He gets lost in front of a big audience.

Дэвид отказывается выступать на собрании. Он теряется перед большой аудиторией.

This behaviour is extra as it describes a fear of public speaking (glossophobia), which is not among the given phobias A-E.

Это поведение является лишним, так как оно описывает страх публичных выступлений (глоссофобия), которого нет среди данных фобий A-E.