Номер 4, страница 89 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс (spotlight) тренировочные упражнения в формате огэ (гиа) Ваулина, Подоляко

Module 7. Reading - номер 4, страница 89.

Условие 2019-2022.

4. Read the text and mark the statements True (T), False (F), Not Stated (NS).

How Fear Works

When we sense danger, the brain reacts instantly, sending signals that activate the nervous system. This causes physical responses, such as a faster heartbeat, rapid breathing, and an increase in blood pressure. Blood pumps to muscle groups to prepare the body for physical action (such as running or fighting). Skin sweats to keep the body cool. Some people might notice sensations in the stomach, head, chest, legs, or hands. These physical sensations of fear can be mild or strong.

This response is known as “fight or flight” because that is exactly what the body is preparing itself to do: fight off the danger or run fast to get away. The body stays in this state of “fight-flight” until the brain receives an “all clear” message and turns off the response.

Sometimes fear is provoked by something that is surprising or unexpected (like a loud noise), even if it’s not actually dangerous. That’s because the fear reaction is activated immediately — a few seconds faster than the thinking part of the brain can process (обработать) or evaluate what’s happening. As soon as the brain gets enough information to realize there’s no danger (“Oh, it’s just a balloon bursting — whew!”), it turns off the fear reaction. All this can happen in seconds.

Fear is the word we use to describe our emotional reaction to something that seems dangerous. But the word “fear” is used in another way, too: to name something a person often feels afraid of. People fear things or situations that make them feel unsafe or unsure. For instance, someone who isn’t a strong swimmer might have a fear of deep water. In this case, the fear is helpful because it cautions (warns) the person to stay safe. Someone could overcome this fear by learning how to swim safely.

Many people have a fear of public speaking. Whether it’s giving a report in class, speaking at an assembly, or reciting lines in the school play, speaking in front of others is one of the most common fears people have. People try to avoid the situations or things they fear. But this doesn’t help them to overcome fear — avoiding something frightening strengthens a fear and keeps it strong.

People can overcome unnecessary fears by giving themselves the chance to learn about and gradually get used to the thing or situation they’re afraid of. For example, people who fly despite a fear of flying can become used to unfamiliar sensations like take-off or turbulence. They learn what to expect and have a chance to watch what others do to relax and enjoy the flight. Gradually (and safely) facing fear helps someone to overcome it.

1. In a dangerous situation our nervous system reacts before our brain.

2. A fearful experience is good for our nervous system.

3. Physical symptoms of fear prepare us for dangerous situations.

4. Physical reactions to fear are harmful to the organism.

5. Fear is easily provoked.

6. Only children feel fear when they are greatly surprised.

7. Fear protects us because it warns us of dangerous situations.

8. People can easily overcome their fears with the help of medicines.

Решение 1 (2019-2022).

Решение 2 (2019-2022).

Условие 2024.

4. a) Read the text and find the answers to questions 1–6, then match them to paragraphs A–E. There is one question with no answer. Complete the table below.

1. What can cause fear?

2. What is one of the most common fears?

3. When does fear paralyze the body?

4. How can people fight their fears?

5. Why fear is helpful?

6. How does the body react when a person is frightened?

How Fear Works

A. When we sense danger, the brain reacts instantly, sending signals that activate the nervous system. This causes physical responses, such as a faster heartbeat, rapid breathing, and an increase in blood pressure. Blood pumps to muscle groups to prepare the body for physical action (such as running or fighting). Skin sweats to keep the body cool. Some people might notice sensations in the stomach, head, chest, legs, or hands. These physical sensations of fear can be mild or strong. This response is known as “fight or flight” because that is exactly what the body is preparing itself to do: fight off the danger or run fast to get away. The body stays in this state of “fight-flight” until the brain receives an “all clear” message and turns off the response.

B. Sometimes fear is provoked by something that is surprising or unexpected (like a loud noise), even if it’s not actually dangerous. That’s because the fear reaction is activated immediately — a few seconds faster than the thinking part of the brain can process (обработать) or evaluate what’s happening. As soon as the brain gets enough information to realize there’s no danger (“Oh, it’s just a balloon bursting — whew!”), it turns off the fear reaction. All this can happen in seconds.

C. Fear is the word we use to describe our emotional reaction to something that seems dangerous. But the word “fear” is used in another way, too: to name something a person often feels afraid of. People fear things or situations that make them feel unsafe or unsure. For instance, someone who isn’t a strong swimmer might have a fear of deep water. In this case, the fear is helpful because it warns the person to stay safe. Someone could overcome this fear by learning how to swim safely.

D. Many people have a fear of public speaking. Whether it’s giving a report in class, speaking at an assembly, or reciting lines in the school play, speaking in front of others is one of the most common fears people have. People try to avoid the situations or things they fear. But this doesn’t help them to overcome fear — avoiding something frightening strengthens a fear and keeps it strong.

E. People can overcome unnecessary fears by giving themselves the chance to learn about and gradually get used to the thing or situation they’re afraid of. For example, people who fly despite a fear of flying can become used to unfamiliar sensations like take-off or turbulence. They learn what to expect and have a chance to watch what others do to relax and enjoy the flight. Gradually (and safely) facing fear helps someone to overcome it.

Questions	1	2	3	4	5	6
Paragraphs

b) Read the text and mark the statements True (T), False (F), Not Stated (NS).1. In a dangerous situation our nervous system reacts before our brain.2. A fearful experience is good for our nervous system.3. Physical symptoms of fear prepare us for dangerous situations.4. Physical reactions to fear are harmful to the organism.5. Fear is easily provoked.6. Only children feel fear when they are greatly surprised.7. Fear protects us because it warns us of dangerous situations.8. People can easily overcome their fears with the help of medicines.

Решение 1 (2024).

Решение 2 (2024-2027).

Решение 3 (2024-2027).

Ответьте на вопрос, представленный на изображении.

Ответ:

4. a) Read the text and find the answers to questions 1–6, then match them to paragraphs A–E. There is one question with no answer. Complete the table below.

Прочитайте текст и найдите ответы на вопросы 1–6, затем соотнесите их с параграфами A–E. На один вопрос нет ответа. Заполните таблицу ниже.

Questions	1	2	3	4	5	6
Paragraphs	B, C	D	No answer	E	C	A

1. What can cause fear?

Что может вызвать страх?

Fear can be caused by something surprising or unexpected, or by things or situations that make a person feel unsafe or unsure.

Страх может быть вызван чем-то удивительным или неожиданным, а также вещами или ситуациями, которые заставляют человека чувствовать себя небезопасно или неуверенно.

2. What is one of the most common fears?

Какой один из самых распространенных страхов?

One of the most common fears is public speaking, or speaking in front of others.

Один из самых распространенных страхов — это публичные выступления или выступления перед другими.

3. When does fear paralyze the body?

Когда страх парализует тело?

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных

4. How can people fight their fears?

Как люди могут бороться со своими страхами?

People can fight their fears by giving themselves a chance to learn about what they are afraid of, gradually getting used to it, and safely facing their fears instead of avoiding them.

Люди могут бороться со своими страхами, давая себе возможность узнать о том, чего они боятся, постепенно привыкая к этому и безопасно встречая свои страхи вместо того, чтобы избегать их.

5. Why fear is helpful?

Почему страх полезен?

Fear is helpful because it warns a person to stay safe.

Страх полезен, потому что он предупреждает человека о необходимости оставаться в безопасности.

6. How does the body react when a person is frightened?

Как тело реагирует, когда человек напуган?

When a person is frightened, the brain activates the nervous system, causing a faster heartbeat, rapid breathing, an increase in blood pressure, blood pumping to muscles, sweating, and sensations in the stomach, head, chest, legs, or hands.

Когда человек напуган, мозг активирует нервную систему, вызывая учащенное сердцебиение, быстрое дыхание, повышение кровяного давления, приток крови к мышцам, потоотделение и ощущения в желудке, голове, груди, ногах или руках.

4. b) Read the text and mark the statements True (T), False (F), Not Stated (NS).

Прочитайте текст и отметьте утверждения как Истинные (T), Ложные (F), Не Указанные (NS).

1. In a dangerous situation our nervous system reacts before our brain. - F

В опасной ситуации наша нервная система реагирует раньше, чем наш мозг. - F

2. A fearful experience is good for our nervous system. - NS

Страшный опыт полезен для нашей нервной системы. - NS

3. Physical symptoms of fear prepare us for dangerous situations. - T

Физические симптомы страха готовят нас к опасным ситуациям. - T

4. Physical reactions to fear are harmful to the organism. - F

Физические реакции на страх вредны для организма. - F

5. Fear is easily provoked. - T

Страх легко провоцируется. - T

6. Only children feel fear when they are greatly surprised. - F

Только дети испытывают страх, когда они сильно удивлены. - F

7. Fear protects us because it warns us of dangerous situations. - T

Страх защищает нас, потому что предупреждает об опасных ситуациях. - T

8. People can easily overcome their fears with the help of medicines. - NS

Люди могут легко преодолеть свои страхи с помощью лекарств. - NS