Номер 3, страница 89 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Вербицкая, Маккинли

Unit 10.

Track sixty four.

You are listening to the program, The World Today. Time for our popular series, Great Contemporaries in Science. Here is the story of the life work and scientific success of outstanding Russian physicist, Zhores Alferov.

Zhores Ivanovich Alferov is a Russian physicist who made major contributions to electronics. In two thousand, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with German-born American physicist, Herbert Kroemer and American electrical engineer, Jack Kilby.

Alferov was born in Vitebsk to parents born and raised in Belorussia. His father was a well-educated man, a graduate of the Industrial Academy in St. Petersburg.

Due to his father's professional activity, the family lived all over the country: Volgograd, Novosibirsk, Barnaul, and eventually Minsk, where Zhores attended a boys' school in the destroyed post-war city.

He was lucky enough to have an excellent physics teacher who was devoted to his subject and had a gift for making the boys' imagination work. Zhores was greatly impressed by his lectures on radar systems.

After finishing school, Zhores took his teacher's advice on where to continue his education and attended the celebrated Ulyanov Electrotechnical Institute in Leningrad.

After graduating in nineteen fifty-two, Zhores began work at the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in nineteen eighty-seven became director of the institute.

At that time, work on creation of the new semiconductor electronics and space investigation was of utmost importance.

Understanding the logic of the rapidly developing electronics industry, Alferov coached and created an organization that could win in the marketplace.

In nineteen seventy-two, Zhores together with his students and colleagues was awarded the Lenin Prize, the highest scientific prize in the USSR.

Alferov's style of work is based on belief in human talent and good teamwork. His ability to recognize research talent in others and to spot rare and valuable leadership qualities in young researchers is highly respected by his colleagues.

Alferov is also a great communicator, always ready to face the toughest of challenges. He is capable of effective communication internally with the research staff of his institute, and externally with executives who lack technical knowledge.

His ability to explain scientific views clearly, to formulate business strategy, and solve critical business problems is exceptional.

He was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in nineteen seventy-two, and a full member in nineteen seventy-nine.

Since nineteen eighty-nine, he has been vice president of the USSR Academy of Sciences and president of its St. Petersburg Scientific Center. He has also been a member of the State Duma since nineteen ninety-five.

In two thousand, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Herbert Kroemer for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and optoelectronics.

Alferov invented the heterotransistor. This could cope with much higher frequencies than its predecessors and revolutionized the mobile phone and satellite communications.

Alferov and Kroemer independently applied this technology to firing laser lights. This in turn revolutionized semiconductor design in a host of areas, including LEDs, barcode readers, and CDs.

In the words of Hermann Grimmeiss from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awards Nobel Prizes:

Without Alferov, it would not be possible to transfer all the information from satellites down to the Earth or to have so many telephone lines between cities.