Номер 47, страница 42 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

Unit One. Sounds of Music. Use of English. Vocabulary and Grammar Revised - номер 47, страница 42.

Условие.

Topical Vocabulary

47. Study the topical vocabulary to speak about music.

• Music has been called both the most mathematical and the most abstract of the arts. "Music is born of emotion," Confucius observed. It can become a kind of universal language understood by all people on the planet if they are prepared to acquire it.

• The main elements of music are

• rhythm;

• melody;

• tempo;

• tone colour.

• The first purposefully composed music appeared in Medieval Europe and the art of composition has been developing ever since. It has passed through the following stages:

• Medieval music (c. 1000—1450)

• mostly church music in the form of chants;

• secular songs sung by minstrels, minnesingers and troubadours;

• rise of polyphonic techniques when several melodic lines are added to the main melody.

• Renaissance music (c. 1450—1600)

• the rise of distinct secular styles and forms;

• further development of polyphony;

• instruments are used not only to accompany singers;

• keyboard instruments and the lute become popular.

• Baroque music (c. 1600—1750)

• popularity of vocal music;

• speechlike rhythm over a simple accompaniment;

• beginning of opera;

• new forms: the oratorio, the cantata, the concerto;

• string and keyboard instruments popular.

• Classical music (c. 1750—1825)

• opera is the primary genre of vocal music;

• new forms:

• the sonata (three- or four-movement piece);

• the symphony (a long piece of classical music played by a large orchestra);

• the concerto;

• the string quartet.

• Romantic music (c. 1830—1910)

• free adoption of old forms;

• opera becomes a "total art work" combining music and drama with rapid stage action and melodramatic plot;

• virtuous piano works;

• new forms:

• romantic songs including "songs without words";

• nocturnes;

• rhapsodies;

• preludes.

• interest in folk music.

• Musical pluralism (after World War I)

• style becomes a matter of choice rather than a matter of accepted conventions;

• asymmetric rhythm;

• extensive use of percussion instruments;

• appearance of electronic music;

• computer gives composers new possibilities in synthesizing and processing sounds;

• experimental music and improvisation;

• appearance of pop music;

• new forms: jazz, rock, rap, techno, metal, etc.

• Musical instruments are popularly divided into several groups:

• string(ed) instruments (strings):

• the lute family: guitar, banjo, a number of folk instruments;

• the violin family: violin, viola, cello, double bass [beıs];

• harp.

• woodwind: piccolo, flute, oboe, clarinet, saxophone, bassoon.

• brass: French horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba.

• percussion: timpani, drum, cymbals, xylophone, tambourine, orchestral gong, vibraphone.

• keyboard: grand piano, pianoforte, organ, synthesizer.

• People related to creating and performing music are:

• composer;	• songwriter;
• instrumentalist;	• duet;
• performer;	• trio;
• virtuoso(i/s);	• quartet;
• conductor;	• quintet;
• singer;	• sextet;
• chorister;	• septet;
• librettist;	• octet;
• soloist;	• ensemble;
• vocalist;	• band.

• Music can sound very different. Some pieces sound complicated and intricate, others may be just a few bars repeated many times. Some melodies are almost impossible to remember, but others may haunt you for a long time. Music can impress you as:

• divine;	• catchy;
• serious;	• lively;
• harmonic;	• popular;
• touching;	• progressive;
• mystical;	• individual;
• expressive;	• avant-garde;
• dramatic;	• experimental;
• daring;	• original;
• complex;	• imaginative;
• lucid;	• haunting.

Решение.

Решение 2.

Изучите тематический словарный запас, чтобы говорить о музыке.

Ответ:

The text provides vocabulary to discuss music, covering several key areas:

В тексте представлена лексика для обсуждения музыки, охватывающая несколько ключевых областей:

1. Main elements of music: rhythm, melody, tempo, and tone colour.

1. Основные элементы музыки: ритм, мелодия, темп и тембр.

2. Historical periods of music composition:

2. Исторические периоды создания музыки:

- Medieval music (c. 1000–1450)	- Средневековая музыка (ок. 1000–1450)
- Renaissance music (c. 1450–1600)	- Музыка эпохи Возрождения (ок. 1450–1600)
- Baroque music (c. 1600–1750)	- Музыка эпохи Барокко (ок. 1600–1750)
- Classical music (c. 1750–1830)	- Классическая музыка (ок. 1750–1830)
- Romantic music (c. 1830–1910)	- Романтическая музыка (ок. 1830–1910)
- Musical pluralism (after World War I)	- Музыкальный плюрализм (после Первой мировой войны)

3. Groups of musical instruments:

3. Группы музыкальных инструментов:

- String(ed) instruments (e.g., violin, guitar)	- Струнные инструменты (напр., скрипка, гитара)
- Woodwind (e.g., flute, clarinet)	- Деревянные духовые (напр., флейта, кларнет)
- Brass (e.g., trumpet, trombone)	- Медные духовые (напр., труба, тромбон)
- Percussion (e.g., drum, cymbals)	- Ударные (напр., барабан, тарелки)
- Keyboard (e.g., piano, organ)	- Клавишные (напр., фортепиано, орган)

4. People related to creating and performing music, such as composer, performer, singer, and conductor.

4. Люди, связанные с созданием и исполнением музыки, такие как композитор, исполнитель, певец и дирижер.

5. Words to describe music, like divine, harmonic, catchy, lively, complex, and haunting.

5. Слова для описания музыки, например, божественная, гармоничная, запоминающаяся, живая, сложная и навязчивая.