Exercise 7B, page 1 - English File Studetn's book, pre-intermediate, Oxford

1 VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

verbs + gerund; uses of the gerund

a Talk to a partner. Is there a book, a film, or a song that makes you feel happy? What is it?

b Read about Happiness is..., and look at the Instagram posts. Tick (✓) the ones you most agree with. Then compare with a partner.

c Look at the first cartoon. Which verb form do we use after the verb 'finish'?

d vp.158 Vocabulary Bank Verb forms Do Part 2.

e Look at the cartoons again. Find an example of a gerund (verb + -ing):

1 after a preposition

2 used as a noun

3 in the negative form

f G p.138 Grammar Bank 7B

g Write your own continuation for Happiness is...

h Work in small groups. Read your idea to the group. Do you agree with the other students' ideas of happiness?

Illustrators Ralph Lazar and Lisa Swerling got the idea for Happiness is... while sitting together one day in a hot tub at their home in California. Lisa had just finished answering all her emails, and she said 'Happiness is having an empty inbox'. Ralph replied 'Happiness is getting into a hot tub'. They began to list things which made them happy, and illustrated them. Later they asked people on Facebook 'What makes you happy?' and Ralph drew and posted on Instagram the ones they liked best...

HAPPINESS IS

...when a song ends the exact moment you finish parking.

HAPPINESS IS

...a free coffee refill without asking.

HAPPINESS IS

...fitting in to jeans that you haven't worn for a very long time, and THEN, finding money in one of the pockets.

HAPPINESS IS

...sitting next to someone nice on a plane.

HAPPINESS IS

...finding a delicious food with no calories or fat or cholesterol.

HAPPINESS IS

...landing in a new country.

HAPPINESS IS

...reading a really good book and then finding it's a series.

HAPPINESS IS

...finding the other ear ring.

HAPPINESS IS

...not having to set the alarm for the next day.

Adapted from a website

2 VERBS + GERUND (VERB + -ING)

a Complete the gerund column with a verb from the list in the gerund.

be cook do have make rain read talk tidy wake up work

* start can be used with a gerund or infinitive, e.g. It started raining. It started to rain.

b 7.6 Listen and check.

ACTIVATION Cover the gerund column. Say the sentences.

7B uses of the gerund (verb + -ing)

1 Eating outside in the summer makes me feel good. 7.7 Happiness is getting up late and not going to work.

2 I love having breakfast in bed. I hate not getting to the airport early.

3 I'm thinking of buying a new car. Jim left without saying goodbye.

• The gerund is the base form of the verb + ing. It can be positive (e.g. going) or negative (e.g. not going).

• We use the gerund:

1 as a noun, e.g. as the subject or object of a sentence.

2 after some verbs, e.g. like, love, hate, enjoy, etc.

See Verb forms p.158.

3 after prepositions.

• Remember the spelling rules for the -ing form. See 1C p.126.

7B

a Complete the sentences with a verb from the list in the -ing form.

do not know message practise remember study swim teach travel

I really enjoy doing exercise. It makes me feel great!

1 One thing that always makes me happy is in the sea.

2 You can't learn to play a musical instrument well without regularly.

3 My mother's very bad at names.

4 teenagers is very hard work.

5 My sister spends hours her friends.

6 I hate the answer when somebody asks me a question.

7 by train is usually cheaper than by plane.

8 My brother wants to go on French for as long as he can. He'd like to speak it really fluently!

b Put the verbs in the -ing form or infinitive.

I like listening to the radio in the mornings. (listen)

1 Pilates is good for your health. (do)

2 We offered for the meal. (pay)

3 We won't take the car. It's so expensive (park)

4 I'm not very good at directions. (give)

5 You can borrow the car if you remember some petrol. (get)

6 Has it stopped yet? (rain)

7 I don't mind but I don't like the washing-up. (cook, do)

8 I hate in the dark during the winter. (get up)