Exercise 7C, page 3 - English File Studetn's book, pre-intermediate, Oxford

3 GRAMMAR have to, don't have to, must, mustn't

a 7.12 Listen to Max talking about the tests and complete the gaps.

THE TESTS

You have to

• order a drink and a¹ in a bar, ask how much it is, and understand the price.

• ask for directions in the street (and ² them).

• get a ³ to a famous place.

• leave a message on somebody's voicemail.

THE RULES

• You mustn't use a ⁴ or phrase book app.

• You must only ⁵

• You mustn't use your ⁶ or mime, or write anything down.

b Look at the highlighted phrases. Which phrases mean...?

1. Do this. It's important.

2. Don't do this. It's a bad idea.

c Now look at an extract from the article in 2. Does the highlighted phrase mean...?

Many British people think 'I don't have to learn a foreign language because everyone speaks English nowadays'.

1. I don't need to do this

2. I can't do this

d p.138 Grammar Bank 7C

e Communication What are the rules? A p.105 B p.110

Complete the rules.

7C have to, don't have to, must, mustn't

have to, don't have to

• I have to speak English at work.

• She has to get up at seven every day.

• We don't have to wear a uniform at this school.

• He doesn't have to work on Saturdays.

• Do I have to buy a grammar book?

• What time does she have to get up in the morning?

• 7.13

• We use have to + verb (infinitive) to talk about rules and obligations.

• We use don't have to + verb (infinitive) to say that there is no obligation, or that something is not necessary.

• We use do / does to make questions and negatives.

• Do I have to go? NOT Have I go?

• We don't contract have or has.

• I have to go. NOT I've to go.

must / mustn't

• You must do your homework tonight.

• She must tidy her room before she goes out.

• You mustn't leave your bags here. (mustn't = must not)

• I mustn't forget to call her tonight.

• Must I go to bed now?

• When must we decide about the party?

• We use must + verb (infinitive without to) to talk about rules and obligations.

• must / mustn't are the same for all persons.

• We use mustn't + verb (infinitive without to) to say something is prohibited.

must and have to

Must and have to are very similar, but there is a small difference. We normally use have to for a general obligation (a rule at work / school or a law) e.g. We have to start work at seven. We normally use must for a personal obligation (one that the speaker imposes), e.g. a parent to a child: You must go to bed now! But often we can use either must or have to.

mustn't and don't have to

Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings. Compare:

You mustn't go. = It's prohibited. Don't go.

You don't have to go. = You can go if you want to, but it's not obligatory / necessary.

Impersonal you

We often use have to and must with impersonal you (you = people in general), e.g.

You have to wear a seatbelt in a car.

You mustn't take photos in the museum.

7C

a Complete the sentences with the correct form of have to.

I don't have to go to school on Saturdays.

1. Janice __________ study very hard - she has exams soon.

2. You __________ buy a ticket before you get on the bus. It costs £4 and the machine is over there.

3. __________ your sister __________ go to London for her job interview?

4. Mike __________ wear a really ugly uniform at his new school. He hates it.

5. We __________ get up early tomorrow. Our flight leaves at 6.30.

6. Harry __________ work today - he has a day off.

7. Can you wait a moment? I __________ make a phone call.

8. __________ we __________ go to bed? It's only ten o'clock!

b Circle the correct form. Tick (✔) if both are possible.

We don't have to/ mustn't go to school next week. It's the holiday.

1. You don't have to / mustn't cross the road when the traffic lights are red.

2. What do I have to / must I do when I finish this exercise?

3. The concert is free. You don't have to / mustn't pay.

4. We're late for the meeting. We have to / must go now.

5. You don't have to / mustn't leave the door open – the dog will get out.

6. I have to / must pay Jane back the money she lent me.

7. In Britain you have to / must drive on the left.

8. You don't have to / mustn't be tall to be good at football.

7C WHAT ARE THE RULES?

Student A

a Look at photos 1-6. Complete the rules with have to, don't have to, must or mustn't and a verb from the list.

1. You __________ your phone.

2. Children __________

3. You __________ a jacket.

4. You __________ the door.

5. You __________ over 18 to see this film.

6. You __________ photos here.

b Read your rules to B in a different order. B will say which photo they go with.

c Look at photos 7-12. Listen to B's rules, and say which photo they go with.

7C WHAT ARE THE RULES?

Student B

a Look at photos 7-12. Complete the rules with have to, don't have to, must or mustn't and a verb from the list.

1. You __________ anything now.

2. You __________ football here at night.

3. You __________ your feet on the seats.

4. You __________ to class on Mondays.

5. You __________ in one direction.

6. You __________ sports shoes here.

b Look at photos 1-6. Listen to A's rules, and say which photo they go with.

c Read your rules to A in a different order. A will say which photo they go with.