номер 2, страница 17 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

2 GRAMMAR the past: habitual events and specific incidents

a Look at the highlighted verbs in Part 2 of the extract from Boy. Which ones describe...?

1 specific incidents in the past

2 repeated or habitual actions in the past

b What other verb forms do we use in these contexts?

c p.144 Grammar Bank 2A

2A

GRAMMAR BANK

the past: habitual events and specific incidents

narrative tenses: describing specific incidents in the past

This happened when I was about five years old. My father had gone away on business for a few days and my brother and I were sleeping in my parents' bedroom. Before we went to bed that night, I had been reading a very scary story about a wicked witch. In the middle of the night, I woke up with a start and saw that a figure in a dark coat was standing in the doorway. I screamed at the top of my voice.

When we describe specific incidents in the past, we use narrative tenses, i.e. the past simple, past continuous, and past perfect simple or continuous.

• We use the past simple to talk about the main actions in a story (We went to bed..., I woke up..., I screamed).

• We use the past continuous to set the scene (We were sleeping in my parents' bedroom) and to describe actions in progress in the past (Somebody was standing in the doorway).

• We use the past perfect and the past perfect continuous to talk about the earlier past, i.e. things which happened before the main event (My father had gone away..., I had been reading a story).

used to and would: describing habitual events and repeated actions in the past

1 Every summer, my family used to rent an old house in the south of France. My sister and I often walked to the harbour in the morning, where we used to watch the fishermen cleaning their nets.

2 Every night before we went to bed, my mother would tell us stories, but she would never read them from a book – she would always make them up herself.

3 When I was a teenager, my friends were always teasing me because of my red hair.

1 We often use used to + infinitive as an alternative to the past simple to talk about things that we did repeatedly in the past.

• We can also use used to + infinitive to talk about situations or states which have changed, e.g. I used to have much longer hair when I was younger.

2 We use would + infinitive as an alternative to used to to talk about things that we did repeatedly in the past over a period of time.

• We don't use would with stative verbs, i.e. to talk about situations or states which have changed. NOT I would have much longer hair when I was younger.

• We don't use would without a time reference, e.g. I used to play the violin. NOT I would play the violin.

3 We can also use always + past continuous for things that happened repeatedly, especially when they were irritating habits.

used to and be / get used to

Be careful not to confuse used to and be / get used to. used to only describes states or repeated actions in the past, be / get used to means be / get familiar with, e.g. We used to live in London. We moved to the country last year, but we're still not used to it. It's too quiet for me, and my husband can't get used to having to drive everywhere.

a Circle the correct form. Tick (✔) if both are possible.

Corinne and I used to be / would be very close, but recently we've grown apart.

1 When I came into the room, my aunt sat / was sitting with her back to me. When she turned round, I could see that she had been crying / had cried.

2 Our grandmother always used to have / would always have a surprise waiting for us when we visited.

3 My sister used to live / would live on her own, but then she was buying / bought a flat with her boyfriend.

4 My brother didn't use to look / wouldn't look at all like my father, but now he does.

5 When I was small, I was always getting / always used to get into trouble at school and my parents used to punish / would punish me by not letting me play with my friends at the weekend.

6 Suddenly, we heard a tremendous bang and we saw that a car crashed / had crashed into a tree and petrol poured / was pouring onto the road.

b Complete the text with the verb in brackets using a narrative tense or would / used to.

My earliest memory

When I was about four or five, my grandmother, who was Polish, was living (live) in London and we children often 1 ________ (spend) weekends at her flat.

My grandfather 2 ________ (die) a couple of years earlier, so I suppose she was in need of company. We loved going there, as my grandmother 3 ________ (cook) special meals for us and 4 ________ (take) us for lovely walks in Regent's Park, which was quite nearby.

One occasion that I remember really well was when she 5 ________ (invite) me to stay with her on my own, without my brothers and sisters. On the first day, after lunch, my grandmother 6 ________ (go) for her rest. I 7 ________ (try) to sleep too, but I couldn't, so after a while I 8 ________ (get up) and 9 ________ (decide) to explore the flat. Everything was very quiet, so I was convinced that my grandmother 10 ________ (sleep).

The room I most 11 ________ (want) to explore was my grandfather's study, I imagine, precisely because she 12 ________ (tell) me not to go in there.

I opened the door and went in, and was immediately drawn to his large old desk. I 13 ________ (climb) onto the chair and 14 ________ (see) on the desk a green pen in a kind of stand, with a bottle of ink.

I 15 ________ (ask) my parents for a real pen for a long time, but they 16 ________ (refuse), foreseeing the mess that I was almost bound to make with the ink.

I picked up the pen and then tried to open the bottle of ink. At that moment, I 17 ________ (hear) my grandmother's voice saying, 'Christina? Where are you? What are you doing?'

To my horror, I 18 ________ (realize) that my grandmother 19 ________ (get up) and 20 ________ (come) towards the study.

Two seconds later, she 21 ________ (open) the door.

I will never forget the awful feeling of shame that she 22 ________ (catch) me doing something that she 23 ________ (forbid) me to do.

а. Посмотрите на выделенные глаголы в отрывке. Какие из них описывают 1) конкретные случаи в прошлом 2) повторяющиеся или привычные действия в прошлом?

b. Какие другие глагольные формы мы используем в этих контекстах?

а. Обведите правильную форму. Отметьте галочкой (✓), если возможны оба варианта.

b. Дополните текст, поставив глагол в скобках в повествовательное время или в конструкцию would / used to.

Ответ:

Задание a (левая колонка)

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных, так как в задании упоминается отрывок из книги "Мальчик" (“Boy”), который отсутствует на изображении.

Задание b (левая колонка)

To describe specific incidents in the past, we use narrative tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple, and Past Perfect Continuous.

(Для описания конкретных случаев в прошлом мы используем повествовательные времена: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple и Past Perfect Continuous.)

To describe habitual or repeated actions in the past, we use: 'used to' + infinitive, 'would' + infinitive, and Past Continuous with 'always'.

(Для описания привычных или повторяющихся действий в прошлом мы используем: 'used to' + инфинитив, 'would' + инфинитив и Past Continuous со словом 'always'.)

Задание a (правая колонка)

1 used to be (раньше были)

2 was sitting (сидела); had been crying / had cried (✓) (плакала)

3 used to have / would always have (✓) (всегда был / бывало, всегда был)

4 used to live (раньше жила); bought (купила)

5 didn't use to look (раньше не был похож)

6 was always getting / always used to get (✓) (постоянно попадал / бывало, попадал); used to punish / would punish (✓) (наказывали / бывало, наказывали)

7 crashed (врезалась); was pouring (лился)

Задание b (правая колонка)

1 used to spend / would spend (проводили / бывало, проводили)

2 had died (умер)

3 would cook / used to cook (готовила / бывало, готовила)

4 would take / used to take (водила / бывало, водила)

5 invited (пригласила)

6 went (пошла)

7 tried (попытался)

8 got up (встал)

9 decided (решил)

10 was sleeping (спала)

11 wanted (хотел)

12 had told (сказала)

13 climbed (залез)

14 saw (увидел)

15 had been asking (просил)

16 had refused (отказывали)

17 heard (услышал)

18 realized (понял)

19 had got up (встала)

20 was coming (шла)

21 opened (открыла)

22 caught (поймала)

23 had forbidden (запретила)