номер 5, страница 13 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

5 GRAMMAR discourse markers (1): linkers

a Read some extracts from other What I'm really thinking articles. Match them to the jobs from the list. What point is each person making about their job?

A&E doctor dental hygienist fashion stylist

political advisor university lecturer 999 operator

1 Although it is not my place to judge, I get frustrated sometimes. The man who rang because his toothpaste was burning his mouth; the mother whose baby was afraid of a fly.

2 When you are really disengaged and disconnected, I see hands reach for phones in bags. Sometimes you even pass notes and giggle. Yet I also see you when you laugh at my jokes.

3 I'm exhausted. It is demoralizing to start a shift only to find that the department already has a four-hour wait to see someone. There are people lining the corridors, and there is nowhere to take new patients, and consequently the wait gets longer.

4 One supermodel arrived at a shoot three hours late, then spent another couple of hours looking at Twitter while everyone waited for her. Then she was a nightmare. She was a world-class bully, and said she had never met anyone as rude as me. However, I fought back and she was lovely after that – though she made me sign a non-disclosure agreement not to talk about the shoot.

5 I'm only here in order to help get you elected. But why you? Yes, I know, you won the party's nomination, but did they realize that, despite your firm handshake and boyish charm, you know as much about corporate tax policy as I know about astrophysics?

6 I know it's not the most pleasant experience, so I try to alleviate the worry...

b With a partner, write the highlighted linkers in the correct column.

c p.143 Grammar Bank 1B

d 1.16 Listen and write the first halves of eight sentences. Compare with a partner, and then decide together how you think the sentences might continue.

e 1.17 Now listen and complete the sentences from d. Are they similar to what you predicted?

1B

discourse markers (1): linkers

result

1 I have a job interview next week, so I've bought myself a suit!

2 It had snowed hard all night. As a result, the airport was closed until 11.00 a.m. We regret that you do not have the necessary qualifications and therefore / consequently we are unable to offer you the job.

1 so is the most common way of introducing a result or a logical connection.

2 as a result, therefore, and consequently (more formal than so) are often used at the beginning of a sentence or clause.

• therefore and consequently can also be used before a main verb, e.g. We have therefore / consequently decided not to offer you the job.

reason

1 I've stopped emailing her, because / as / since she never answers me. Can I go home, seeing as / seeing that there's no work to do?

2 The plane was late because of the fog. Flight 341 has been delayed due to / owing to adverse weather conditions.

1 because, as, and since (more formal) are synonyms and are used to introduce clauses giving a reason. as and since are often used at the beginning of a sentence, e.g. As / Since the rain hasn't stopped, we've decided not to go out.

• We can use seeing as / that to give a reason for what we're saying.

2 because of, due to, and owing to also express the reason for something. They are usually followed by a noun, a gerund, or the fact that + clause.

• due to and owing to are more formal than because of.

purpose

1 I did a language course to / in order to / so as to improve my English.

2 He closed the door quietly so as not to / in order not to wake the baby.

3 They moved to London so (that) they could see their grandchildren more often.

4 I'm not going to tell Amy, in case she tells everyone else.

1 to, in order to, and so as to introduce a clause of purpose and are all followed by an infinitive. to is the most informal.

2 For negative purpose we use so as not to or in order not to.

3 We can also use so (that) + can / could + verb or will / would + verb to express purpose. that can be left out in informal English.

• Use so (that) when there is a change of subject in the clause of purpose, e.g. She put a blanket over the baby so (that) he wouldn't be cold.

4 We use in case + a clause when we do something in order to be ready for future situations / problems, or to avoid them.

contrast

1 The meeting was OK, but the journey home was a nightmare. Agnes was attracted to the stranger, yet something in her head was telling her not to get close to him. It's a really good idea. However, it may be too expensive. The moon shone brightly. Nevertheless, it was hard to find our way.

2 We enjoyed the film although / even though / though it was long.

3 In spite of / Despite being 85, she still travels all over the world. In spite of / Despite her age... In spite of / Despite the fact that she's 85...

1 but is the most common and informal way of introducing contrast and is normally used to link two contrasting points within a sentence. yet is used in the same way, but is more formal / literary.

• however and nevertheless are normally used at the beginning of a sentence to connect it to the previous one and are usually followed by a comma.

• nevertheless (or nonetheless) is more formal / literary than however.

2 even though is more emphatic than although. though is more common in informal speech.

3 After in spite of and despite, use a gerund, a noun, or the fact that + clause.

GRAMMAR BANK

a Circle the correct linker.

Even though/ Despite she's working really hard, I don't think she'll be able to catch up.

1 We can't afford to have a holiday this year as / yet we've got an overdraft at the bank.

2 Could we rearrange my timetable so that / in case I don't have so many classes on Fridays?

3 I got to the interview on time due to / in spite of the fact that my train was late.

4 It isn't worth phoning John, seeing that / so that he's arriving in five minutes.

5 He gets a good salary though / since the job itself is quite monotonous.

b Circle the better option according to register.

Sales have increased over the last six months. So / Therefore we will be taking on five new employees.

1 I've been off work for the last three days because of / owing to this nasty cough I've got.

2 The organization has severe financial problems, and so / consequently half the staff have been laid off.

3 The company has reported declining sales this year. Nevertheless / But, they have so far managed to avoid any staff cuts.

4 I stopped at a service station to / in order to fill up with petrol.

5 I thought it was an amazing book. It was a bit depressing, though / however.

6 We regret to announce that the performance has been cancelled due to / because of technical problems.

c Join the sentences using the bold word(s), making any necessary changes.

We only use energy-efficient light bulbs. We don't want to waste electricity. so as We only use energy-efficient light bulbs so as not to waste electricity.

1 Our seats were a long way from the stage. We enjoyed the play. In spite We

2 It took us ages to get there. The traffic was heavy. because of It

3 I took the price off the bag. I didn't want Becky to know how much it had cost. so I

4 Keep the receipt for the sweater. Your dad might not like it. in case Keep

5 Susanna is an only child. She isn't at all spoilt. Even though Susanna

6 Prices have risen. Production costs have increased. due to Prices

5a. Прочтите отрывки из других статей «О чем я на самом деле думаю». Соотнесите их с профессиями из списка. Какую мысль каждый человек выражает о своей работе?

Ответ:

1. 999 operator. The point is that they get frustrated with non-emergency calls. (Оператор службы 999. Суть в том, что их расстраивают звонки по несрочным вопросам.)

2. University lecturer. The point is that students are often distracted, but sometimes they do engage with the lesson. (Преподаватель университета. Суть в том, что студенты часто отвлекаются, но иногда они все же вовлекаются в занятие.)

3. A&E doctor. The point is that the job is exhausting and demoralizing due to long waits and overcrowding. (Врач скорой помощи. Суть в том, что работа изнурительная и деморализующая из-за долгих ожиданий и переполненности.)

4. Fashion stylist. The point is that they have to deal with difficult personalities. (Модный стилист. Суть в том, что им приходится иметь дело с трудными личностями.)

5. Political advisor. The point is that the candidate they are advising is unqualified for the job. (Политический советник. Суть в том, что кандидат, которого они консультируют, не соответствует своей должности.)

6. Dental hygienist. The point is that they try to make an unpleasant experience better for the patient. (Стоматолог-гигиенист. Суть в том, что они стараются сделать неприятный опыт более комфортным для пациента.)

5b. Вместе с партнером впишите выделенные слова-связки в нужную колонку.

Ответ:

5d. Прослушайте и запишите первые половины восьми предложений. Сравните с партнером, а затем вместе решите, как эти предложения могли бы продолжаться.

Ответ:

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.

5e. Теперь прослушайте и дополните предложения из упражнения d. Похожи ли они на то, что вы предсказали?

Ответ:

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.

1B a. Обведите правильное слово-связку.

Ответ:

1. as (поскольку)

2. so that (чтобы)

3. in spite of (несмотря на)

4. seeing that (учитывая, что)

5. though (хотя)

1B b. Обведите лучший вариант в соответствии с регистром речи.

Ответ:

1. because of (из-за)

2. consequently (следовательно)

3. Nevertheless (тем не менее)

4. to (чтобы)

5. though (однако)

6. due to (из-за)

1B c. Соедините предложения, используя выделенные слова, внося необходимые изменения.

Ответ:

1. In spite of our seats being a long way from the stage, we enjoyed the play. (Несмотря на то, что наши места были далеко от сцены, нам понравился спектакль.)

2. It took us ages to get there because of the heavy traffic. (Мы добирались целую вечность из-за плотного движения.)

3. I took the price off the bag so Becky wouldn't know how much it had cost. (Я снял ценник с сумки, чтобы Бекки не узнала, сколько она стоила.)

4. Keep the receipt for the sweater in case your dad doesn't like it. (Сохрани чек от свитера на случай, если твоему папе он не понравится.)

5. Even though Susanna is an only child, she isn't at all spoilt. (Хотя Сюзанна — единственный ребенок в семье, она совсем не избалована.)

6. Prices have risen due to increased production costs. (Цены выросли из-за увеличения производственных затрат.)