Номер 12, страница 130 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

Unit 4. Fascination and Challenge: The World of Science and Technology. Reading for Country Studies: «The Man and His Work» - номер 12, страница 130.

Условие.

READING FOR COUNTRY STUDIES

12 A. Listen to the text "The Man and His Work" (No. 20) and choose the right items.

1. In 1870 one of the experts at the US Patent Office left his job because he felt that ... .
a) everything had been invented
b) there were too many inventions to register

2. Alexander Graham Bell was born in ... .
a) Scotland
b) England

3. After graduating from the University of London Alexander Bell was a ... .
a) scientific worker b) teacher

4. Bell's assistant knew a lot ... about electricity than Bell did.
a) less
b) more

5. The telephone was invented in the ... century.
a) 19th
b) 20th

6. Bell recited ... monologue when he was demonstrating the telephone to his guests.
a) Hamlet's
b) King Lear's

B. Read the text and make up questions to which the phrases below are answers.

1. The 20th century. 2. They made experiments with the human voice. 3. He taught the deaf. 4. It was a cylinder with a membrane and a stylus attached to it. 5. Because Thomas A. Watson knew about electricity more than Bell did. 6. At a big exhibition in Philadelphia. 7. Because he thought that his invention wasn't quite ready, rather reluctantly agreed to exhibit it. 8. He asked Bell to demonstrate his machine. 9. It was the first line from Hamlet's monologue. 10. For both the multiple telegraph and the telephone.

The Man and His Work

The story is told that in 1870 one of the experts at the US Patent Office left his job because he felt that everything had been invented and there was no future in it.

It happened at the time when the telephone, the radio and television had not yet been invented. And when Edison gave the world the electric light, his invention paved the way to the immense use of electricity in the 20th century. The 20th century also gave us the automobile, the airplane, the helicopter, the cinema, the computer and the nuclear reactor. Two world wars helped to develop the chemical industry to the level that allowed to produce synthetics and other scientific marvels.

Some people believe that inventions occur as the need arises. From this point of view, someone else might have invented the telephone. As it happened, it was Alexander Graham Bell.

Born in Scotland, Bell spent his youth in England. His grandfather and father were elocution teachers. While the family lived in England, the parents moved in scientific circles, where experiments were being carried out on the human voice. Alexander and his brother became interested in the subject. They made a puppet with throat organs based on those of the human being and experimented with reproducing the human voice. Alexander became interested, too, in experimenting with a multiple telegraph that could send more than one message at a time. It was through his interest in this field that he invented the telephone years later.

After graduating from the University of London Alexander was a teacher of the deaf. The family moved to America where Alexander's father had been asked to read lectures. They emigrated to Canada and settled in Ontario. Within a few months, Alexander accepted a teaching position with the Boston School for the Deaf and left for Massachusetts.

In the course of his efforts to perfect a multiple telegraph, Bell had invented a little machine that he had used in teaching the deaf. It was a cylinder with a membrane stretched across one end and a stylus (a thin stick) attached to the membrane. When someone spoke into a cylinder, the membrane vibrated and the stylus traced a zigzag line on smoked glass. This little machine that he called the phonautograph gave him a key to the invention of the telephone.

Bell took on an assistant, Thomas A. Watson, who knew about electricity a lot more than Bell did. The two men were working on the multiple telegraph, when Bell's idea for the telephone came to him.

In 1876, when Bell showed his first model of the telephone, it was still a rather simple instrument. This was the year of the Centennial, that celebrated the first hundred years of progress in the United States. To celebrate the event they organized a big exhibition in Philadelphia. Bell, who thought that his invention wasn't quite ready, rather reluctantly agreed to exhibit it. The telephone receiver was connected with the transmitter across the room.

One of the distinguished guests, the Emperor of Brazil, asked Bell to demonstrate his machine. Leaving the Emperor at the receiver the inventor went to the transmitter on the other side of the room and started reciting Hamlet's monologue "To be or not to be" into it. The shocked and amazed Emperor soon rushed to Bell with the tails of his formal coat flapping. "It talks," he cried. The other judges gathered about and took turns listening. Bell's invention was immediately called the greatest of the time. Alexander Graham Bell received the Centennial prize awards for both the multiple telegraph and the telephone. In his memoirs Bell wrote: "I went to bed, the night before, an unknown man, and awoke to find myself famous."

Решение.

Решение 2.

A. Прослушайте текст «Человек и его работа» (№ 20) и выберите правильные варианты.

Ответ:

1. a) everything had been invented (всё уже было изобретено)

2. a) Scotland (в Шотландии)

3. b) teacher (учителем)

4. b) more (больше)

5. a) 19th (в 19-м)

6. a) Hamlet's (Гамлета)

B. Прочитайте текст и составьте вопросы, ответами на которые являются приведённые ниже фразы.

Ответ:

1. What century gave us the automobile, the airplane, the helicopter, the cinema, the computer and the nuclear reactor? (Какой век подарил нам автомобиль, самолет, вертолет, кино, компьютер и ядерный реактор?)

2. What experiments did Alexander and his brother carry out? (Какие эксперименты проводили Александр и его брат?)

3. What did Alexander Bell do after graduating from the University of London? (Что делал Александр Белл после окончания Лондонского университета?)

4. What was the little machine that Bell had invented and used in teaching the deaf? (Что это была за маленькая машинка, которую Белл изобрел и использовал в обучении глухих?)

5. Why did Bell take on Thomas A. Watson as an assistant? (Почему Белл взял Томаса А. Ватсона в ассистенты?)

6. Where did Bell exhibit his invention? (Где Белл выставил своё изобретение?)

7. Why did Bell reluctantly agree to exhibit his invention? (Почему Белл неохотно согласился выставить своё изобретение?)

8. What did the Emperor of Brazil ask Bell to do? (О чём попросил Белла император Бразилии?)

9. What did Bell recite into the transmitter? (Что Белл продекламировал в передатчик?)

10. For what inventions did Alexander Graham Bell receive the Centennial prize awards? (За какие изобретения Александр Грэм Белл получил награды на Столетней выставке?)