Grammar, страница 123 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Комарова, Ларионова

Unit 9. Body and Soul. Language Guide - страница 123.

Условие.

Grammar

The passive: present simple

affirmative
Akash is Children are	held stopped	by his mother. from getting pains.
negative
The head isn't (is not) The prayers aren't (are not)	shaved offered	completely. to one god.
questions
Is Akash's head Are prayers	shaved offered	completely? to the gods?
short answers
Yes, it is. / No it isn't. Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

• We use the passive when we want to focus on the recipient of an action in a sentence, not the doer.

The prayers are offered by priests.

• We also use the passive when we don't know who does the action.

All of the hair isn't shaved off.

• We use the passive more in writing than in speaking.

• We often use the passive in writing to describe a process.

The head is shaved. Then it is washed with holy water.

• We use be + past participle to make the present passive.

• For the past participle of irregular verbs, see Irregular Verbs list, page 159.

Active to passive

• Active sentences start with the subject.

A priest cuts the child's hair. (The focus of the sentence is on the priest.)

• In passive sentences, the subject is the recipient of the action.

The child's hair is cut. (The focus of the sentence is on the child's hair.)

• We use by to introduce the person or thing which does the action in the passive sentences.

The child's hair is cut by a priest.

• We only use by when it's important to mention who did the action.

Someone cuts his hair.

His hair is cut by someone.

The priest cuts his hair.

His hair is cut by the priest.

The passive: past simple

affirmative
The timetable Changes	was were	introduced. made.
negative
The study The students	wasn't weren't	done. paid.
questions
Was Were	a conclusion yoga classes	reached? taught?
short answers
Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.

• We use was / were + past participle to make the past passive.

Grammar bank → Workbook p114

Решение 1.

Решение 2.

Решение 3.

Обобщите ключевую информацию о пассивном залоге, представленную на изображении.

Ответ:

The image explains the passive voice in the present simple and past simple tenses, as well as its uses.

Изображение объясняет пассивный залог в настоящем простом и прошедшем простом временах, а также его использование.

1. The Passive Voice: Present Simple

1. Пассивный залог: настоящее простое время

The present simple passive is formed with is/are + past participle. Here are examples:

Настоящее простое время в пассивном залоге образуется с помощью is/are + причастие прошедшего времени. Вот примеры:

	Subject + is/are	Past Participle	Rest of sentence
Affirmative	Akash is	held	by his mother.
	Children are	stopped	from getting pains.
Negative	The head isn't	shaved	completely.
	The prayers aren't	offered	to one god.
Questions	Is Akash's head	shaved	completely?
	Are prayers	offered	to the gods?

Short answers are given as: Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. or Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Краткие ответы даются так: Да, это так. / Нет, это не так. или Да, это они. / Нет, это не они.

2. The Passive Voice: Past Simple

2. Пассивный залог: прошедшее простое время

The past simple passive is formed with was/were + past participle. Here are examples:

Прошедшее простое время в пассивном залоге образуется с помощью was/were + причастие прошедшего времени. Вот примеры:

	Subject + was/were	Past Participle	Rest of sentence
Affirmative	The timetable was	introduced.
	Changes were	made.
Negative	The study wasn't	done.
	The students weren't	paid.
Questions	Was a conclusion	reached?
	Were yoga classes	taught?

Short answers are given as: Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. or Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.

Краткие ответы даются так: Да, это было так. / Нет, это не было так. или Да, это они были. / Нет, это не они были.

3. When to use the Passive Voice

3. Когда использовать пассивный залог

• We use the passive when we want to focus on the recipient of an action, not the doer. For example, The prayers are offered by priests (focus on prayers, not who offers them).

  Мы используем пассивный залог, когда хотим сосредоточиться на получателе действия, а не на его исполнителе. Например, Молитвы приносятся священниками (акцент на молитвах, а не на том, кто их приносит).

• We also use the passive when we don't know who does the action. For example, All of the hair isn't shaved off (we don't know who shaved it).

  Мы также используем пассивный залог, когда не знаем, кто совершает действие. Например, Не все волосы сбриты (мы не знаем, кто их сбрил).

• It is used more in writing than in speaking.

  Он чаще используется в письменной речи, чем в устной.

• We often use the passive to describe a process. For example, The head is shaved. Then it is washed with holy water.

  Мы часто используем пассивный залог для описания процесса. Например, Голова брится. Затем она омывается святой водой.

4. Using "by" with the Passive Voice

4. Использование "by" с пассивным залогом

We use by to introduce the person or thing that does the action in a passive sentence when it's important to mention them. For example, The child's hair is cut by a priest. If the doer is not important or unknown, by is usually omitted.

Мы используем "by" для обозначения лица или предмета, совершающего действие в пассивном предложении, когда важно упомянуть их. Например, Волосы ребенка стрижет священник. Если исполнитель неважен или неизвестен, "by" обычно опускается.