Номер 1, страница 6 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс (starlight) тренировочные упражнения в формате огэ (гиа) Комиссаров, Кирдяева

1. Match the titles (1–8) to the texts (A–G). There is one extra title.

1. Safety measures

2. Terrible consequences

3. Effects on nature

4. Classifying tornadoes

5. Tornado concentration

6. Forecasting dangers

7. Courage required

8. Disaster formation

A Tornado chasers are those brave thrill-seekers who are not afraid to follow this dangerous natural disaster. They may drive hundreds of miles during a single chase risking their lives. In the USA tornado chasers park southeast of the tornado. It's usually the safest spot to film or record. The reason is: tornadoes normally travel from southwest to the northeast. Tornadoes aren't the only danger, as tornado chasers have to be careful of the lightning coming from the thunderstorms that produce tornadoes.

B “Tornado” comes from the Spanish word tronada meaning thunderstorm. Most tornadoes form from thunderstorms. Three main ingredients are needed for a tornado to appear. You need warm, moist air and cool, dry air. When these two air-masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere. Then, the wind changes its direction and grows in speed. This creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the atmosphere.

C There is little you can do to protect your home or workplace from the strength of tornado winds, but there are actions you can take to protect yourself and your family better. The best place to be at during a tornado is underground, which makes basements and cellars ideal shelters to get away from tornadoes. If you have no basement, go to an inside room on the lowest floor, like a closet, or bathroom with no windows and get under something strong, like a heavy table. If possible, cover your body with a blanket and protect your head with anything available.

D Despite knowing how tornadoes form, it's still almost impossible to predict when one will develop. However, meteorologists try to predict when tornadoes may appear using the information from past tornadoes. In the USA there’s a tornado watch programme, when scientists try to watch the atmospheric conditions which form tornadoes in the country. So when all the ingredients for a tornado are present, they warn people that a tornado is coming. There is special equipment that measures the wind speed and direction, and helps predict the disaster.

E Most tornadoes only last a few minutes and travel a few miles, but some may last longer and travel over 100 miles. Tornadoes are divided into groups according to how strong they are. These five categories are marked from F-0 to F-5. F-0 tornadoes are the mildest. F-5 tornadoes are the most dangerous. In the United States F-0 and F-1 tornadoes make up 80% of all tornadoes. The most violent ones don't happen very often but they cause a lot of destruction and loss of life.

F Most of the world's destructive tornadoes occur during the summer in the US. Most tornadoes in the United States form in an area called “Tornado Alley”. This area includes parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. The land in the central US is rather flat, which allows cold, dry air from Canada to meet warm moist tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico. It’s along the front between these two air masses that most tornadoes form. Storm chasers travel to this area because of the high concentration of tornadoes.

G Tornadoes are dangerous because they kill and injure people. Most deaths come from the most violent tornadoes. Injuries happen because of flying fragments or because people are thrown by the high winds. Another significant effect tornadoes have on humans is the property damage. Weak tornadoes can take the roofs off buildings and break windows. Stronger tornadoes destroy buildings completely. This can have a considerable economic impact. In 1999, Oklahoma suffered about $1.1 billion in property damage from tornadoes.

1. Read the texts (A–G). In which of them can you find answers to these questions (1–8)? There is one extra question.

1. What safety measures can you take?

2. What consequences do tornadoes have?

3. What effects do tornadoes have on the environment?

4. How can we classify tornadoes?

5. Where can you come across a tornado most often?

6. How can we forecast a tornado?

7. What kind of people chase tornadoes?

8. How does a tornado form?

A. Tornado chasers are those brave thrill-seekers who are not afraid to follow this dangerous natural disaster. They may drive hundreds of miles during a single chase risking their lives. In the USA tornado chasers park southeast of the tornado. It’s usually the safest spot to film or record. The reason is: tornadoes normally travel from southwest to the northeast. Tornadoes aren’t the only danger, as tornado chasers have to be careful of the lightning coming from the thunderstorms that produce tornadoes.

B. “Tornado” comes from the Spanish word tronada meaning thunderstorm. Most tornadoes form from thunderstorms. A combination of three factors causes tornadoes. You need warm, moist air and cool, dry air. When these two air masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere. Then, the wind changes its direction and grows in speed. This creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the atmosphere.

C. There is little you can do to protect your home or workplace from the strength of tornado winds, but there are actions you can take to protect yourself and your family better. The best place to be at during a tornado is underground, which makes basements and cellars ideal shelters to get away from tornadoes. If you have no basement, go to an inside room on the lowest floor, like a closet, or bathroom with no windows and get under something strong, like a heavy table. If possible, cover your body with a blanket and protect your head with anything available.

D. Despite knowing how tornadoes form, it's still almost impossible to predict when one will develop. However, meteorologists try to predict when tornadoes may appear using the information from past tornadoes. In the USA there's a tornado watch programme, when scientists try to watch the atmospheric conditions which form tornadoes in the country. So, when all the conditions for a tornado formation are present, they warn people that a tornado is coming. There is special equipment that measures the wind speed and direction, and helps predict the disaster.

E. Most tornadoes only last a few minutes and travel a few miles, but some may last longer and travel over 100 miles. Tornadoes are divided into groups according to how strong they are. These five categories are marked from F-0 to F-5. F-0 tornadoes are the mildest. F-5 tornadoes are the most dangerous. In the United States F-0 and F-1 tornadoes make up 80% of all tornadoes. The most violent ones don't happen very often but they cause a lot of destruction and loss of life.

F. Most of the world's destructive tornadoes occur during the summer in the US. Most tornadoes in the United States form in an area called “Tornado Alley”. This area includes parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. The land in the central US is rather flat, which allows cold dry air from Canada to meet warm moist tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico. It's along the front between the two air masses that most tornadoes form. Storm chasers travel to this area because of the high concentration of tornadoes.

G. Tornadoes are dangerous because they kill and injure people. Most deaths come from the most violent tornadoes. Injuries happen because of flying fragments or because people are lifted by the high winds. Another significant effect tornadoes have on humans is the property damage. Weak tornadoes can take the roofs off buildings and break windows. Stronger tornadoes destroy buildings completely. This can have a considerable economic impact. In 1999, Oklahoma suffered about $1.1 billion in property damage from tornadoes.

1. Прочитайте тексты (A–G). В каком из них вы можете найти ответы на эти вопросы (1–8)? Есть один дополнительный вопрос.

Ответ: The answers to the questions (1-8) can be found in the following texts. Question 3 is the extra question for which an answer cannot be found. / Ответы на вопросы (1-8) можно найти в следующих текстах. Вопрос 3 является дополнительным вопросом, на который нельзя найти ответ.