Номер 1, страница 30 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс (spotlight) учебник Ваулина, Дули

Module 2. Food & Shopping. 2c. Grammar in Use - номер 1, страница 30.

Условие 2019-2022.

Present Perfect – Present Perfect Continuous

Grammar Reference

1 Read the box. Find examples in the text. Are there similar structures in your language?

Present Perfect (have + past participle)

• for an action that started in the past and continues to the present with stative verbs. He has known Alice for years.

• for an action which happened at an unstated time in the past and is connected with the present. He has met him before. (When? We don't know.)

• to talk about experiences or talk about sth which happened recently. I've cut my finger. There are no trains. There's been an accident.

Present Perfect Continuous (have been + -ing form)

• to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present. He has been studying English since he was 10.

• for an action that has recently/just stopped and its results are visible in the present. She has been working all day. She's tired now.

BUY NOTHING DAY

People have been celebrating 'Buy Nothing Day' for nearly three decades. It started in 1993 in Canada and is now an international event in 55 countries. It has always fallen on the day after Thanksgiving in the US and on November 26th in the rest of the world. On this day, people try their best not to buy anything at all for the whole day. The idea is to make people stop and think about what they buy and how their spending habits affect the Earth's natural environment. Just a little effort can make a big difference. Let's take a look at what happens on Buy Nothing Day around the world...

MONTREAL, Canada

Today we're celebrating Buy Nothing Day at our school by holding an Eco-bazaar. We have been working hard on it all week. All the students have brought in a few items from home that are still in good condition. We receive coupons in return for each item. Now we are using the coupons to swap for other things.

Erica, 15

BIRMINGHAM, England

We have decided to do simple things on Buy Nothing Day. We've walked to school instead of taking the bus and we've asked our parents not to go to the supermarket.

James, 16

Условие 2023-2027.

Present Perfect – Present Perfect

Continuous Grammar Reference

1 Read the box. Find examples in the text. Are there similar structures in your language?

Present Perfect (have + past participle)

• for an action that started in the past and continues to the present with stative verbs. He has known Alice for years.
• for an action which happened at an unstated time in the past and is connected with the present. He has met him before. (When? We don't know.)
• to talk about experiences or talk about sth which happened recently. I've cut my finger. There are no trains. There's been an accident.

Present Perfect Continuous (have been + -ing form)

• to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present. He has been studying English since he was 10.
• for an action that has recently/just stopped and its results are visible in the present. She has been working all day. She's tired now.

BUY NOTHING DAY

CELEBRATE

BUY

NOTHING

DAY

NOVEMBER 28, 1997

PARTICIPATE BY NOT PARTICIPATING!

People have been celebrating 'Buy Nothing Day' for about three decades. It started in 1993 in Canada and is now an international event in 55 countries. It has always fallen on the day after Thanksgiving in the US and on November 26th in the rest of the world. On this day, people try their best not to buy anything at all for the whole day. The idea is to make people stop and think about what they buy and how their spending habits affect the Earth's natural environment. Just a little effort can make a big difference. Let's take a look at what happens on Buy Nothing Day around the world...

MONTREAL, Canada

Today we're celebrating Buy Nothing Day at our school by holding an Eco-bazaar. We have been working hard on it all week. All the students have brought in a few items from home that are still in good condition. We receive coupons in return for each item. Now we are using the coupons to swap for other things. Erica, 15

BIRMINGHAM, England

We have decided to do simple things on Buy Nothing Day. We've walked to school instead of taking the bus and we've asked our parents not to go to the supermarket. James, 16

30

Решение 2023-2027.

Решение 2 2023-2027.

Прочитайте рамку. Найдите примеры в тексте. Есть ли в вашем языке похожие структуры?

Ответ:

1. Examples from the text:

Present Perfect:

"It has always fallen on the day after Thanksgiving..."

"All the students have brought in a few items..."

"We have decided to do simple things..."

"We've walked to school..."

"we've asked our parents..."

Present Perfect Continuous:

"People have been celebrating 'Buy Nothing Day'..."

"We have been working hard on it all week."

(Перевод)

1. Примеры из текста:

Present Perfect (Настоящее совершенное время):

"Этот день всегда выпадал на следующий день после Дня благодарения..."

"Все ученики принесли несколько вещей..."

"Мы решили делать простые вещи..."

"Мы пошли в школу пешком..."

"мы попросили наших родителей..."

Present Perfect Continuous (Настоящее совершенное длительное время):

"Люди празднуют 'День без покупок'..."

"Мы усердно работали над этим всю неделю."

2. In Russian, we don't have exact matches for these tenses. We usually express a completed action with a result in the present (like Present Perfect) using the past tense. To talk about an action that started in the past and is still happening (like Present Perfect Continuous), we often use the present tense and add words that show duration, like 'for two hours' or 'since morning'.

(Перевод)

2. В русском языке нет точных соответствий этим временам. Мы обычно выражаем завершённое действие с результатом в настоящем (как Present Perfect) с помощью прошедшего времени. Чтобы говорить о действии, которое началось в прошлом и всё ещё продолжается (как Present Perfect Continuous), мы часто используем настоящее время и добавляем слова, указывающие на продолжительность, например, 'уже два часа' или 'с утра'.