номер 2, страница 52 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Wetz, Pye

2. 📀2.09 Read and listen to the text. Answer the questions.

1. Who were the first people to domesticate horses?

2. Why were horse games and competitions so important in Kazakhstan in the past?

3. How old do you have to be to play baiga?

4. Which competition is for both men and women?

5. When and where was the first World Kokpar Championship?

National sports

Different countries are identified with their flag, national anthem, language, traditional costumes and, of course, with their national sports. Horse games, for example, are emblematic of Kazakh culture.

The people from the Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan were probably the first in the world to domesticate horses, about 5,500 years ago. They used them for food, transportation, agricultural work and warfare. The early equestrian sports developed as a way to train people for war and hunting. The nomads in the Eurasian steppes had to be fit enough to travel long distances on horseback, carrying all their belongings with them. Nowadays, horses have been replaced by cars and high-speed trains, but horse riding competitions remain a deep-rooted tradition in Kazakhstan.

Baiga, for example, is a long-distance horse race for boys aged seven to fourteen. Audaryspak is a traditional horseback wrestling game in which two men try to throw each other off their horses. Another well-known game is kumis alu – horsemen pick up golden coins from the ground while riding at full speed, and the winner is the player who collects the most coins. Many of these games are for men only, but kyz kuu (also known as 'girl chasing' or 'the kissing game') is a competition for young couples.

Kokpar, which means 'grey wolf' in the Kazakh language, is probably the most famous traditional equestrian sport. A kokpar game usually lasts fifteen minutes, and the rules are simple.

There are two teams of four to ten players. You don't need any special equipment, but you need to have to be a skilful rider and you need to have a fast-running, well-trained horse. The aim is to carry an animal carcass into a goal. In the past, players used the carcass of a wolf, but nowadays it's a goat or a calf. There have been kokpar championships for adults since 2001 and youth kokpar championships since 2005. All fourteen regions of Kazakhstan have professional kokpar teams. This world-famous game is also popular in other countries in Central Asia and in 2017, Kazakhstan organised the first World Kokpar Championship, which took place in Astana.

1. Кто был первым народом, одомашнившим лошадей?

Ответ: The people from the Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan. - Люди из ботайских поселений в Акмолинской области Казахстана.

2. Почему конные игры и соревнования были так важны в Казахстане в прошлом?

Ответ: They developed as a way to train people for war and hunting and helped nomads to be fit enough to travel long distances. - Они развивались как способ тренировки людей для войны и охоты и помогали кочевникам быть в достаточной физической форме для путешествий на большие расстояния.

3. Сколько лет должно быть, чтобы играть в байгу?

Ответ: You have to be aged seven to fourteen. - Тебе должно быть от семи до четырнадцати лет.

4. Какое соревнование предназначено как для мужчин, так и для женщин?

Ответ: Kyz kuu is a competition for young couples. - Кыз куу - это соревнование для молодых пар.

5. Когда и где прошел первый Чемпионат мира по кокпару?

Ответ: The first World Kokpar Championship took place in 2017 in Astana. - Первый Чемпионат мира по кокпару прошел в 2017 году в Астане.