номер 4, страница 76 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс (spotlight) тренировочные упражнения в формате огэ (гиа) Ваулина, Подоляко

4. Read the text. Match the wall characteristics given below to the paragraphs of the text.

Guide to Great Walls

A. Erected in 1961 to prevent East German citizens moving to the West, the Berlin Wall initially consisted mainly of barbed wire (колючая проволока) and armed guards. Within months a concrete wall began to appear. On the east side of the wall, tank traps and ditches were built as protection against attack. Although over 170 people lost their lives in Berlin trying to escape to the West, human will and ingenuity (изобретательность) often won, with a number of successful escape attempts via tunnels and, on one occasion, in a home-made hot air balloon. The 107-kilometre-long structure lost its importance in 1989, when Hungary allowed East Germans to pass through their country on their way to Austria and West Germany, and after travel restrictions were lifted, people began to destroy whole sections of the wall. Now very little of it remains and the land has been used for housing and other property development.

B. Stretching for several thousand kilometers from the east coast of the country to the Gobi Desert, the Great Wall of China is said to be the only man-made structure visible from outer space. The oldest section was begun in 221 BC, using soldiers and local people, as well as intellectuals who were sentenced to forced labour under repressive Qin dynasty. Not surprisingly, the layers of compacted earth used to construct the wall soon began to crumble, and it was left to the later Han dynasty to restore and add to it. By now the wall has turned from a mere defense system for keeping out marauding tribes (племена мародёров) into a safe place where trade could flourish, and bustling market towns sprang up at the busy gates. The ornate and imposing structure appeared in the fourteenth century with the use of advanced brick-building technology. Then the three separate walls were joined to create this truly impressive construction.

C. Situated in the north of England at one of the narrowest parts of the country, Hadrian's Wall is one of the most important monuments built by the Romans in Britain. The construction of the wall began in 120 AD on the orders of Emperor Hadrian, who wanted to mark the northern boundary of his Empire. The 117-kilometre wall was inhabited by thousands of troops, who lived in a series of forts situated at strategic locations. In the later centuries its stones were used by local people to build houses, walls and even churches. Nevertheless, spectacular stretches of the wall remain and a number of forts and museums along its length can be visited, providing a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the Roman soldiers who patrolled it. Although built of stone, the wall itself is vulnerable to erosion and visitors are not recommended to walk on it. Designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, Hadrian's Wall is one of the most famous architectural treasures in the world.

D. Originally known as Eboracum, York served as a military base for the Romans, who were the first to build a set of defenses on the site. However, most of the 3.5 kilometres of the wall – the longest town wall in England – date from the Middle Ages. Throughout their length one can still see a number of medieval gateways, or "bars", which acted as control points. Non-residents and those who were not members of a guild were charged a toll (пошлина) on items brought into the city. As York's status as England's second city fell off in the 19th century, York Corporation began disassembling sections of the walls, because it was too expensive to keep them in good condition. They also argued that the walls were of no historical value and that they caused disease by preventing the free circulation of the air. Local people protested and the York Footpath Association set about restoring parts of the wall, sure that their work would help to attract tourists. The city and its walls now receive a million visitors every year.

According to the information given in the texts, which wall ...

1) can be seen from a great distance? ________

2) can be easily damaged? ________

3) had additional fortifications running alongside it? ________

4) was considered a threat to health? ________

5) is no longer very much in evidence? ________

6) is a series of different walls which were connected? ________

7) required certain people to pay money when passing through? ________

8) was built with the help of prisoners? ________

9) is compared favourably with other ancient monuments? ________

10) became unnecessary as a result of events elsewhere? ________

11) was partly ruined by the authorities? ________

12) proved to be an ideal site for commercial activity? ________

13) did not always achieve its purpose? ________

14) offers visitors an insight into the lives of the original guards? ________

4. Read the text and find the answers to questions 1–12, then match them to paragraphs A–D. Complete the table below.

Guide to Great Walls

A. Erected in 1961 to prevent East German citizens moving to the West, the Berlin Wall initially consisted mainly of barbed wire (колючая проволока) and armed guards. Within months a concrete wall began to appear. On the east side of the wall, tank traps and ditches were built as protection against attack. The 107-kilometre-long structure lost its importance in 1989, when Hungary allowed East Germans to pass through their country on their way to Austria and West Germany, and after travel restrictions were lifted, people began to destroy whole sections of the wall. Now very little of it remains and the land has been used for housing and other property development.

B. Stretching for several thousand kilometres from the east coast of the country to the Gobi Desert, the Great Wall of China is said to be the only man-made structure visible from outer space. The oldest section was begun in 221 BC, using soldiers and local people. The layers of compacted earth used to construct the wall soon began to crumble, and it was left to the later Han dynasty to restore and add to it. By now the wall has turned from a mere defence system for keeping out marauding tribes (племена мародёров) into a safe place where trade could flourish, and bustling market towns sprang up at the busy gates. The ornate and imposing structure appeared in the fourteenth century with the use of advanced brick-building technology. Then the three separate walls were joined to create this truly impressive construction.

C. Situated in the north of England at one of the narrowest parts of the country, Hadrian's Wall is one of the most important monuments built by the Romans in Britain. The construction of the wall began in 120 AD on the orders of Emperor Hadrian, who wanted to mark the northern boundary of his Empire. The 117-kilometre wall was inhabited by thousands of troops, who lived in a series of forts situated at strategic locations. In the later centuries its stones were used by local people to build houses, walls and even churches. Nevertheless, spectacular stretches of the wall remain and a number of forts and museums along its length can be visited, providing a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the Roman soldiers who patrolled it. Although built of stone, the wall itself is vulnerable to erosion and visitors are not recommended to walk on it. Designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, Hadrian's Wall is one of the most famous architectural treasures in the world.

D. Originally known as Eboracum, York served as a military base for the Romans, who were the first to build a set of defenses on the site. However, most of the 3.5 kilometres of the wall – the longest town wall in England – date from the Middle Ages. Throughout their length one can still see a number of medieval gateways, or “bars”, which acted as control points. As York's status as England's second city fell off in the 19th century, York Corporation began disassembling sections of the walls, because it was too expensive to keep them in good condition. They also argued that the walls were of no historical value and that they caused disease by preventing the free circulation of the air. Local people protested and the York Footpath Association set about restoring parts of the wall, sure that their work would help to attract tourists. The city and its walls now receive a million visitors every year.

According to the information given in the texts, which wall ...

1) can be seen from a great distance?__________

2) can be easily damaged?__________

3) had additional fortifications running alongside it?__________

4) was considered a threat to health?__________

5) is no longer very much in evidence?__________

6) is a series of different walls which were connected?__________

7) is compared favourably with other ancient monuments?__________

8) became unnecessary as a result of events elsewhere?__________

9) was partly ruined by the authorities?__________

10) proved to be an ideal site for commercial activity?__________

11) offers visitors an insight into the lives of the original guards?__________

12) is considered the oldest?__________

Упражнение 4, страница 75

Прочитайте текст и найдите ответы на вопросы 1-12, затем сопоставьте их с абзацами А-D. Заполните таблицу ниже.

Guide to Great Walls - Путеводитель по Великим стенам

A. Erected in 1961 to prevent East German citizens moving to the West, the Berlin Wall initially consisted mainly of barbed wire (колючая проволока) and armed guards. Within months a concrete wall began to appear. On the east side of the wall, tank traps and ditches were built as protection against attack. The 107-kilometre-long structure lost its importance in 1989, when Hungary allowed East Germans to pass through their country on their way to Austria and West Germany, and after travel restrictions were lifted, people began to destroy whole sections of the wall. Now very little of it remains and the land has been used for housing and other property development.
Возведенная в 1961 году для предотвращения переезда граждан Восточной Германии на Запад, Берлинская стена изначально состояла в основном из колючей проволоки (колючая проволока) и вооруженной охраны. Через несколько месяцев начала появляться бетонная стена. С восточной стороны стены были построены противотанковые ловушки и рвы для защиты от атак. 107-километровая конструкция утратила свое значение в 1989 году, когда Венгрия разрешила восточным немцам проходить через свою страну по пути в Австрию и Западную Германию, и после того, как ограничения на поездки были сняты, люди начали разрушать целые участки стены. Сейчас от нее осталось очень мало, а земля используется для строительства жилья и другой недвижимости.

B. Stretching for several thousand kilometres from the east coast of the country to the Gobi Desert, the Great Wall of China is said to be the only man-made structure visible from outer space. The oldest section was begun in 221 BC, using soldiers and local people. The layers of compacted earth used to construct the wall soon began to crumble, and it was left to the later Han dynasty to restore and add to it. By now the wall has turned from a mere defence system for keeping out marauding tribes (племена мародёров) into a safe place where trade could flourish, and bustling market towns sprang up at the busy gates. The ornate and imposing structure appeared in the fourteenth century with the use of advanced brick-building technology. Then the three separate walls were joined to create this truly impressive construction.
Протянувшись на несколько тысяч километров от восточного побережья страны до пустыни Гоби, Великая Китайская стена считается единственным искусственным сооружением, видимым из космоса. Самый старый участок был начат в 221 году до нашей эры с использованием солдат и местных жителей. Слои уплотненной земли, использованные для строительства стены, вскоре начали осыпаться, и позднейшей династии Хань пришлось ее восстанавливать и достраивать. К настоящему времени стена превратилась из простой системы обороны для защиты от мародерских племен (племена мародёров) в безопасное место, где могла процветать торговля, а у оживленных ворот возникли оживленные рыночные города. Изысканное и внушительное сооружение появилось в четырнадцатом веке с использованием передовой технологии строительства из кирпича. Затем три отдельные стены были соединены, чтобы создать это действительно впечатляющее сооружение.

C. Situated in the north of England at one of the narrowest parts of the country, Hadrian's Wall is one of the most important monuments built by the Romans in Britain. The construction of the wall began in 120 AD on the orders of Emperor Hadrian, who wanted to mark the northern boundary of his Empire. The 117-kilometre wall was inhabited by thousands of troops, who lived in a series of forts situated at strategic locations. In the later centuries its stones were used by local people to build houses, walls and even churches. Nevertheless, spectacular stretches of the wall remain and a number of forts and museums along its length can be visited, providing a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the Roman soldiers who patrolled it. Although built of stone, the wall itself is vulnerable to erosion and visitors are not recommended to walk on it. Designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, Hadrian's Wall is one of the most famous architectural treasures in the world.
Расположенная на севере Англии в одной из самых узких частей страны, стена Адриана является одним из важнейших памятников, построенных римлянами в Британии. Строительство стены началось в 120 году нашей эры по приказу императора Адриана, который хотел обозначить северную границу своей империи. 117-километровая стена была заселена тысячами солдат, которые жили в ряде фортов, расположенных в стратегически важных местах. В последующие века местные жители использовали его камни для строительства домов, стен и даже церквей. Тем не менее, сохранились впечатляющие участки стены, а также можно посетить ряд фортов и музеев вдоль нее, что дает захватывающий взгляд на жизнь римских солдат, которые ее патрулировали. Несмотря на то, что стена построена из камня, сама стена уязвима к эрозии, и посетителям не рекомендуется ходить по ней. Внесенная в список Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО в 1987 году, стена Адриана является одним из самых известных архитектурных сокровищ в мире.

D. Originally known as Eboracum, York served as a military base for the Romans, who were the first to build a set of defenses on the site. Howev-er, most of the 3.5 kilometres of the wall — the longest town wall in England — date from the Middle Ages. Throughout their length one can still see a number of medieval gateways, or "bars", which acted as control points. As York's status as England's second city fell off in the 19th cen-tury, York Corporation began disassembling sections of the walls, because it was too expensive to keep them in good condition. They also argued that the walls were of no historical value and that they caused disease by preventing the free circulation of the air. Local people protested and the York Footpath Association set about restoring parts of the wall, sure that their work would help to attract tourists. The city and its walls now receive a million visitors every year.
Первоначально известный как Эборакум, Йорк служил военной базой для римлян, которые первыми построили на этом месте комплекс оборонительных сооружений. Однако большая часть из 3,5 километров стены — самой длинной городской стены в Англии — датируется Средними веками. На всей ее длине все еще можно увидеть ряд средневековых ворот, или «баров», которые служили контрольными пунктами. Когда в ХІХ веке статус Йорка как второго города Англии упал, корпорация Йорка начала разбирать участки стен, поскольку поддерживать их в хорошем состоянии было слишком дорого. Они также утверждали, что стены не представляют исторической ценности и что они вызывают болезни, препятствуя свободной циркуляции воздуха. Местные жители протестовали, и Ассоциация пешеходных дорожек Йорка приступила к восстановлению частей стены, уверенная, что их работа поможет привлечь туристов. Город и его стены теперь принимают миллион посетителей каждый год.

According to the information given in the texts, which wall — Согласно информации, приведенной в текстах, какая стена ...

1 can be seen from a great distance?
видна с большого расстояния?

2 can be easily damaged?
может быть легко повреждена?

3 had additional fortifications running alongside it?
имела дополнительные укрепления, идущие вдоль нее?

4 was considered a threat to health?
считалась угрозой здоровью?

5 is no longer very much in evidence?
больше не очень заметна?

6 is a series of different walls which were connected?
представляет собой ряд различных стен, которые были соединены?

7 is compared favourably with other ancient monuments?
выгодно отличается от других древних памятников?

8 became unnecessary as a result of events elsewhere?
стала ненужной в результате событий в других местах?

9 was partly ruined by the authorities?
была частично разрушена властями?

10 proved to be an ideal site for commercial activity?
оказался идеальным местом для коммерческой деятельности?

11 offers visitors an insight into the lives of the original guards?
предлагает посетителям возможность заглянуть в жизнь первых охранников?

12 is considered the oldest?
считается самой старой?

Ответ:

Прочитайте текст и найдите ответы на вопросы 1–12, затем соотнесите их с параграфами A–D. Заполните таблицу ниже.

Ответ:

1) can be seen from a great distance? The Great Wall of China (Paragraph B).
может быть видна с большого расстояния? Великая Китайская стена (Параграф B).

2) can be easily damaged? Hadrian's Wall (Paragraph C).
может быть легко повреждена? Вал Адриана (Параграф C).

3) had additional fortifications running alongside it? The Berlin Wall (Paragraph A).
имела дополнительные укрепления, расположенные вдоль нее? Берлинская стена (Параграф A).

4) was considered a threat to health? The York Walls (Paragraph D).
считалась угрозой для здоровья? Стены Йорка (Параграф D).

5) is no longer very much in evidence? The Berlin Wall (Paragraph A).
больше не сохранилась в значительной степени? Берлинская стена (Параграф A).

6) is a series of different walls which were connected? The Great Wall of China (Paragraph B).
представляет собой ряд различных стен, которые были соединены? Великая Китайская стена (Параграф B).

7) is compared favourably with other ancient monuments? Hadrian's Wall (Paragraph C).
выгодно сравнивается с другими древними памятниками? Вал Адриана (Параграф C).

8) became unnecessary as a result of events elsewhere? The Berlin Wall (Paragraph A).
стала ненужной в результате событий в другом месте? Берлинская стена (Параграф A).

9) was partly ruined by the authorities? The York Walls (Paragraph D).
была частично разрушена властями? Стены Йорка (Параграф D).

10) proved to be an ideal site for commercial activity? The Great Wall of China (Paragraph B).
оказалась идеальным местом для коммерческой деятельности? Великая Китайская стена (Параграф B).

11) offers visitors an insight into the lives of the original guards? Hadrian's Wall (Paragraph C).
предлагает посетителям представление о жизни первоначальных охранников? Вал Адриана (Параграф C).

12) is considered the oldest? The Great Wall of China (Paragraph B).
считается самой старой? Великая Китайская стена (Параграф B).