Номер 2, страница 106 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Вербицкая, Маккинли

Dialogue of Cultures 4 - номер 2, страница 106.

Условие.

2 Read the introduction and tick the correct sentences.

1 We know where most sports originated.

2 Quite a number of sports were invented and developed in Russia.

3 The British were responsible for organising many popular sports.

INTRODUCTION

Russia or Britain?

People have played games throughout the ages from the Ancient Egyptians to the Eskimos, and the origins of most sports are lost in time. However, we do know where and when sports were first organised. Russia contributed to both – developing new sports and games and organising already existing ones. In many cases the first associations were formed and the first rules were written down in Britain.

RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Rhythmic gymnastics grew out of the idea of many people from different countries, but competitive rhythmic gymnastics began in the 1940s in the Soviet Union. This sport combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and manipulation of ropes, hoops, etc. The sport is governed by the Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). FIG formally recognised this discipline in 1961, first as 'modern gymnastics', then as 'rhythmic sportive gymnastics', and finally 'rhythmic gymnastics'. The first World Championship for individual rhythmic gymnasts was held in 1963 in Budapest. Groups were introduced at the World Championship in 1967. Rhythmic gymnastics was added to the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. For decades Russia has been the dominant country in rhythmic gymnastics, both in individual and group exercises.

FOOTBALL

Football may have been brought to Britain by the Romans, but the rules of modern football were drawn up in a tavern in London in 1863. The first game under the new rules ended nil-nil (0–0). Nine years later the first international was played between Scotland and England. The result was another disappointing scoreless draw. It makes you wonder how football ever became the most popular sport in the world!

RUGBY

In 1823 a boy called William Webb Ellis was playing a game of football at his school, Rugby. Suddenly, he picked up the ball and began to run with it in his hands. This was against the rules. The boy had created a new sport – rugby football. Great story. Unfortunately, it's not quite true. In fact, the rules of rugby weren't standardised until 1871 when the Rugby Football Union was founded in London. It has been said that rugby is a game for hooligans played by gentlemen, whereas football is a game for gentlemen played by hooligans.

SAMBO

Sambo is a modern martial art, combat sport and self-defense system developed in the Soviet Union. The word 'sambo' is an acronym meaning 'self-defense without weapons' in Russian. Sambo has its roots in Japanese Judo and traditional folk styles of wrestling but it has become a sport in its own right. There is no single, universally recognized founder of sambo. However, Anatoly Kharlampiev is often officially recognized as the founder because due to his efforts the USSR Committee of Sports accepted sambo as the official combat sport of the Soviet Union in 1938 – decidedly the 'birth' of Sambo. Two other primary authors of sambo were Vasili Oshchepkov and Viktor Spiridonov, who originally developed sambo for the Red Army.

CRICKET

Although the origins of cricket may be in Asia, the game has been played in England for over 700 years. It was probably first played by shepherds and became so popular in the 15th century that it was banned by the king, who was worried about the defence of his kingdom and wanted his subjects to practise archery instead. The rules, which date from 1744, are so complicated that many people have no idea how it is played.

RUSSIAN HOCKEY or BANDY

10th–11th century Russian monastery records mention games which may be ancestors of bandy. In the early 1700s Peter the Great played a similar game on the frozen Neva river. Throughout modern times Russia has kept a top position in this sport. It was one of the founding nations of the International Federation that set the rules in 1955. Since then it has been the most successful team in the World Championships. In Russia bandy is known as 'hockey with a ball' or simply 'Russian hockey'. The name 'bandy' comes from Britain, which has also played an important role in the development of the sport.

Решение.