Exercise 10C, page 2 - English File Studetn's book, pre-intermediate, Oxford

2 GRAMMAR the passive

a In small groups, try to complete the sentences with the things in the photos.

CDs dynamite glasses guns
the hot-air balloon Lego the mobile phone
the saxophone stamps the wristwatch

13th century

1 were invented by the Chinese.

2 were invented by the Italians.

18th century

3 was invented by two French brothers.

19th century

4 were invented by an English teacher.

5 was invented by a Belgian musician.

6 was invented by a Swedish scientist.

7 was invented by the Swiss.

20th century

8 was invented by the Americans.

9 was invented by a Danish businessman.

10 were invented by a Dutch company.

b 10.13 Listen and check.

c Listen again. Write down one other piece of information about each invention.

d Make five true sentences using the words in the chart.

(Glasses were invented in about 1286.)

e Look at the two sentences below and answer the questions.

a The Swiss invented the watch.

b The watch was invented by the Swiss.

1 Do the sentences mean the same thing?

2 In which sentence is the focus more on the watch?

3 In which sentence is the focus more on the Swiss?

f p.144 Grammar Bank 10C

10C the passive: be + past participle

Present: am / is / are + past participle

✚ 20 billion pieces of Lego are produced every year. 🎧 10.14

✚ CDs aren't used very much nowadays.

✚ Is Spanish spoken in New Mexico?

Past: was / were + past participle

✚ The hot-air balloon was invented by two Frenchmen.

✚ Stamps weren't invented until 1840.

? When was the watch invented?

• We can often say things in two ways, in the active or in the passive.
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. (active)
Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel. (passive)

• In the active sentence, the focus is more on Alfred Nobel.

• In the passive sentence the focus is more on dynamite.

• We often use the passive when it isn't known or isn't important who does or did the action.
My car was stolen last week.
Volvo cars are made in Sweden.

• We use by to say who did the action.
The Lord of the Rings was written by Tolkien.

10C

a Complete with the present or past passive.

The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889. (complete)

1 Many of the things we use every day by women. (invent)

2 In the UK most children in state schools. (educate)

3 DNA by Watson and Crick in 1953. (discover)

4 This morning I by the neighbour's dog. (wake up)

5 Cricket in the summer in the UK. (play)

6 The songs on this album last year. (write)

7 Millions of toys in China every year. (make)

8 Carols are songs which at Christmas. (sing)

9 These birds in northern Europe. (not usually see)

10 The London Eye on 31 December 1999 to celebrate the new millennium. (open)

b Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning with the highlighted words.

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1603.

Hamlet was written by Shakespeare in 1603.

1 Christopher Wren designed St Paul's Cathedral.

2 A small Italian company produces this olive oil.

3 The Russians discovered Antarctica in 1820.

4 Spielberg didn't direct the Star Wars films.

5 Van Gogh painted Sunflowers in 1888.

6 The Chinese didn't invent glass.

7 J.K. Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books.

8 They make Skoda cars in the Czech Republic.

Дополните предложения, используя страдательный залог в настоящем или прошедшем времени. Перепишите предложения в страдательном залоге, начиная с выделенных слов.

Ответ:

10C

a

1 Many of the things we use every day were invented by women. / Многие вещи, которые мы используем каждый день, были изобретены женщинами.

2 In the UK most children are educated in state schools. / В Великобритании большинство детей обучаются в государственных школах.

3 DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953. / ДНК была открыта Уотсоном и Криком в 1953 году.

4 This morning I was woken up by the neighbour's dog. / Сегодня утром я был разбужен соседской собакой.

5 Cricket is played in the summer in the UK. / В крикет играют летом в Великобритании.

6 The songs on this album were written last year. / Песни на этом альбоме были написаны в прошлом году.

7 Millions of toys are made in China every year. / Миллионы игрушек производятся в Китае каждый год.

8 Carols are songs which are sung at Christmas. / Колядки - это песни, которые поют на Рождество.

9 These birds are not usually seen in northern Europe. / Этих птиц обычно не видят в северной Европе.

10 The London Eye was opened on 31 December 1999 to celebrate the new millennium. / "Лондонский глаз" был открыт 31 декабря 1999 года в честь нового тысячелетия.

b

1 St Paul's Cathedral was designed by Christopher Wren. / Собор Святого Павла был спроектирован Кристофером Реном.

2 This olive oil is produced by a small Italian company. / Это оливковое масло производится небольшой итальянской компанией.

3 Antarctica was discovered by the Russians in 1820. / Антарктида была открыта русскими в 1820 году.

4 The Star Wars films weren't directed by Spielberg. / Фильмы "Звёздные войны" не были сняты Спилбергом.

5 Sunflowers was painted by Van Gogh in 1888. / Картина "Подсолнухи" была написана Ван Гогом в 1888 году.

6 Glass wasn't invented by the Chinese. / Стекло не было изобретено китайцами.

7 The Harry Potter books were written by J.K. Rowling. / Книги о Гарри Поттере были написаны Дж.К. Роулинг.

8 Skoda cars are made in the Czech Republic. / Автомобили "Шкода" производятся в Чешской Республике.