номер 3, страница 88 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

3 GRAMMAR ellipsis

a 9.5 Read a conversation and complete the gaps with one word. Listen and check. What is the function of the missing words?

A Have you ever had a pet?

B Sadly not. I've always wanted ¹to, but I've never been able ² because I'm allergic to cats and dogs.

A Are you? I'm not, but my sister ³ which is why we never had them either. But my kids really want a puppy, and so ⁴ my husband.

B I think you probably ⁵ then. What's stopping you? You ought to go to a rescue centre for abandoned dogs.

A I already ⁶

B So, you really are going to get one, then?

A I suppose ⁷ I'm not 100% convinced, but the children ⁸

b p.158 Grammar Bank 9A

9A

ellipsis

ellipsis after linkers

1 He fed the dog and (he) went to work. She came to the meeting, but (she) didn't say anything. We should phone him or (we should) send him an email. We usually have dinner at 10.00 and then (we) watch TV.

2 They locked the doors and windows before they left. We'll have a look at the photos after we finish dinner. He's stressed because he has too much work. She was horrified when she saw the mess he had left. I met Sean while he was working in Italy.

1 After and, but, and or we often leave out a repeated subject or subject and auxiliary verb, especially when the clauses are short.

• After then we can also leave out a repeated subject pronoun.

2 We cannot leave out the subject pronoun after before, after, because, when, and while.

ellipsis after auxiliaries or with infinitives

1 Laura has never been to the States, but her sister has. Gary thinks he's right, but he isn't. They said I would love the film, but I don't think I would. I didn't like the play, but Marcus did.

2 I thought I would be able to come tonight, but in fact I can't. I know you've never learnt to drive, but I think you should have. A You must read his latest book! B I already have.

3 I've never ridden a motorbike, but I'd love to. The students cheated in the exam, even though I told them not to.

1 We often leave out a repeated verb phrase or adjective and just repeat the auxiliary or modal verb, or the verb be, e.g. Laura has never been to the States, but her sister has been there.

• If the verb we don't want to repeat is the present or past simple, we use do / does / did in the ellipsis.

2 We can use a different auxiliary or modal verb from that used in the first part of the sentence.

3 We can also leave out a repeated verb phrase after the infinitive with to. This is called a reduced infinitive, e.g. I've never ridden a motorbike, but I'd love to ride one.

ellipsis with so and not

1 I'll have finished the work by Friday, or at least I hope so. A Will you be working on Saturday? B I suppose so, unless we get everything done tomorrow. A You do know it wasn't my fault, don't you? B If you say so.

2 A Do you think it'll rain tonight? B I hope not. A She's not very likely to pass, is she? B I'm afraid not. The children may be back, but I don't think so.

1 With positive clauses, we often use so instead of repeating a whole clause after verbs of thinking (assume, believe, expect, guess, hope, imagine, presume, reckon, suppose, think) and also after be afraid, appear / seem, and say.

• I hope so. = I hope I'll have finished the work by Friday.

2 With negative clauses, we can use a+ verb + not or a verb + so.

• We normally use a+ verb + not with be afraid, assume, guess, hope, presume, and suspect, e.g. I hope not.

• We normally use a verb + so with think, e.g. I don't think so.

• With other verbs (appear, believe, expect, imagine, seem, and suppose) we can use either form, e.g. A It's very late. I don't think they'll come now, do you? B No, I imagine not. / I don't imagine so.

GRAMMAR BANK

a Cross out the words / phrases which could be left out.

They look happy, but they aren't really happy.

1 Everyone else liked the hotel, but I didn't like it.

2 Nobody expects us to win, but we might win.

3 I didn't take the job in the end, but now I think I should have taken it.

4 I went to the gym every week and I played basketball when I was living in the USA.

5 A Would you like to come for dinner tomorrow? B I'd love to come to dinner, but I can't come.

6 We don't go to the theatre very often, but we used to go before we had children.

7 I won't be able to go to the concert, but my wife will be able to go.

8 We didn't enjoy the film because we arrived late and we missed the beginning.

b Complete the sentences with the correct modal or auxiliary form.

I'd like to help you this week, but I can't.

1 I'm not vegetarian, but my wife

2 I would love to fly a plane, but I know that I never

3 Nobody believes me when I say that I'm going to resign, but I

4 We thought that Karen would get the job, but she

5 In the end they didn't come, even though they had promised that they

6 If you haven't seen the film yet, you It's absolutely fantastic!

7 If I could help you I would, but I'm afraid I

8 I don't speak French, but my friend

c Respond to the first sentence using the correct form of the verb in brackets and either a reduced infinitive or so / not.

A Would you like to come round for a coffee later? B I'd love to. (love)

1 A The weather forecast said it would rain tomorrow. B I I want to do some gardening. (hope)

2 A Do you go to the gym? B I but I stopped going last month. (use)

3 A If you think she's coming down with flu, you shouldn't send her to school. B I She might give it to the other children. (suppose)

4 A Have you spoken to Martin yet? B No, but I after the meeting. (try)

5 A Do you think we should leave early to miss the traffic? B I , though I'm really enjoying myself. (guess)

6 A Why are you going to do a parachute jump? B I don't know. I (always / want)

7 A Has James gone out again? B Yes he has, even though I (ask / not)

8 A The bank's closed on public holidays, isn't it? B Yes, I (imagine)

p.88

3a Прочитайте диалог и заполните пропуски одним словом. Прослушайте и проверьте. Какова функция пропущенных слов?

Ответ:

2. able / в состоянии

3. is / является (аллергиком)

4. does / тоже (хочет)

5. should / следует

6. have / уже (сделала)

7. so / да

8. are / являются (убежденными)

The function is to avoid repetition (ellipsis). / Функция — избегание повторений (эллипсис).

a Вычеркните слова/фразы, которые можно опустить.

Ответ:

1. Everyone else liked the hotel, but I didn't like it. / Всем остальным отель понравился, а мне нет.

2. Nobody expects us to win, but we might win. / Никто не ожидает, что мы победим, но мы можем.

3. I didn't take the job in the end, but now I think I should have taken it. / В итоге я не согласился на работу, но теперь думаю, что стоило.

4. I went to the gym every week and I played basketball when I was living in the USA. / Я ходил в спортзал каждую неделю и играл в баскетбол, когда жил в США.

5. B I'd love to come for dinner, but I can't come. / Б Я бы с удовольствием пришел на ужин, но не могу.

6. We don't go to the theatre very often, but we used to go before we had children. / Мы не очень часто ходим в театр, но раньше ходили, до того как у нас появились дети.

7. I won't be able to go to the concert, but my wife will be able to go. / Я не смогу пойти на концерт, а моя жена сможет.

8. We didn't enjoy the film because we arrived late and we missed the beginning. / Нам не понравился фильм, потому что мы опоздали и пропустили начало.

b Дополните предложения правильной модальной или вспомогательной формой.

Ответ:

1. is / является

2. will / смогу

3. am / собираюсь

4. didn't / не получила

5. would / придут

6. should / стоит (посмотреть)

7. can't / не могу

8. does / говорит

c Ответьте на первое предложение, используя правильную форму глагола в скобках и либо сокращенный инфинитив, либо so / not.

Ответ:

1. I hope not. / Надеюсь, что нет.

2. I used to. / Раньше ходил.

3. I suppose so. / Полагаю, что да.

4. I tried to. / Я пытался.

5. I guess so. / Думаю, да.

6. I've always wanted to. / Я всегда хотел.

7. I asked him not to. / Я просил его этого не делать.

8. I imagine so. / Представляю, что да.