номер 4, страница 92 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

4 GRAMMAR nouns: compound and possessive forms

a Circle the correct phrase in each pair. If you think both are possible, explain the difference between them, if any.

1 a recipe book / a recipe's book

2 a salad of tuna / a tuna salad

3 children's portions / children portions

4 a coffee cup / a cup of coffee

5 a chef hat / a chef's hat

6 a tin opener / a tins opener

7 James' kitchen / James's kitchen

8 a John's friend / a friend of John's

b G p.159 Grammar Bank 9B

9B

nouns: compound and possessive forms

apostrophe s

1 The company's head office is in New York. I borrowed Chris's car. It's my friends' wedding. That's the children's room.

2 The blonde girl is Alex and Maria's daughter.

3 We had dinner at Tom's last night. My mother is at the hairdresser's.

4 They played terribly in last Saturday's match. She's got ten years' experience as a primary teacher.

• Possessive forms express the idea of 'having' (in a very general sense) which exists between two nouns.

1 We normally use a possessive noun (+ 's) when something belongs to or is a characteristic of a particular person (people) or thing (things).

2 If there are two people, we put the 's on the second name.

• If we are referring to things belonging to two separate people, we put the 's on both names, e.g. John's and Kay's tastes in food are completely different.

3 When 's refers to premises, e.g. 'the house of' or 'the shop of', we often omit, e.g. house or shop.

4 We often use 's or s' with time expressions, e.g. yesterday's news, an hour's journey.

using of (instead of apostrophe s)

1 Can you remember the name of the film? My brother lives at the end of the road. The problems of old age are many and varied.

2 Helen is the sister of my cousin in Rome I told you about.

3 Jack is a friend of my brother's.

1 We normally use an of phrase, not 's, with things or abstract nouns.

2 We tend to use of and not 's to express possession with a long phrase, e.g. NOT my cousin in Rome I told you about's sister.

3 With friend, colleague, etc. we often say, e.g. a friend of + name / noun + 's (= one of my brother's friends).

• We also often use a possessive pronoun after a friend of..., e.g. a friend of mine / hers.

compound nouns

1 I need the tin opener. Do you know where it is? I bought a huge plant pot in a garden centre near my house. My brother is a company director and my sister is a history teacher. I opened the car door, got in, and put on my seat belt.

2 I bought my son a new story book. What does that road sign mean?

3 There was a bottle of wine on the table and two wine glasses.

1 We use compound nouns to express many common ideas in English. The first noun modifies or describes the second noun. tin opener = an opener for tins, history teacher = a teacher of history. The first noun is usually singular, unless it has no singular form, e.g. clothes, but the second noun can be singular or plural.

One word, two words, or hyphenated? Compound nouns are usually two separate words, but they are sometimes joined together as one word, e.g. sunglasses, bathroom, or occasionally hyphenated, e.g. role-play.

2 We use compound nouns to describe a common class of object or person. Compare:

• a story book BUT a book about house decoration

• a road sign BUT a sign of the times

3 With containers, a compound noun (e.g. a wine bottle) focuses on the container (usually empty), whereas the container + possessive noun (a bottle of wine) focuses on the contents.

• Other common examples are a wine glass / a glass of wine, a jam jar / a jar of jam, a petrol can / a can of petrol, a coffee cup / a cup of coffee, etc.

GRAMMAR BANK

a Circle the correct possessive form. Tick (✔) if both are possible.

Shall I make chicken soup / soup of chicken for dinner tonight?

1 I enjoy spending time with my friend's children / my friends' children.

2 Didn't I meet you at Jenny's / Jenny's house one night?

3 The hero dies at the end of the story / the story's end.

4 She's the wife of my friend who lives in Australia / my friend who lives in Australia's wife.

5 Sally wants to introduce you to Jake. He's a colleague of her / hers.

6 When you go to the supermarket, can you buy me a milk bottle / a bottle of milk?

7 The photo of the house / house's photo made me want to buy it.

8 I'm looking for a stories book / story book that would be right for an eight-year-old.

9 We found an old photograph box / a box of old photographs in the attic.

10 The Tower of London is one of London's most popular tourist attractions / the most popular tourist attractions in London.

11 There's a wine glass / a glass of wine on the table. Did you leave it there?

b Look at the sentences you have ticked in a. Is there any difference between the two phrases?

c Complete with a compound or possessive noun using a word from each list and 's or ' where necessary.

Alice and James bottle cats children garage government marketing sea today

bedroom bowls door manager menu opener proposal view wedding

I always leave the light on in the children's bedroom – my youngest child is scared of the dark.

1 I can't find the . It's usually in this drawer, but it's not there now.

2 It's next weekend and I don't have anything to wear yet.

3 There's shepherd's pie on .

4 Can I introduce you to Jess White, our ?

5 Don't forget to lock the when you take the car out.

6 We would like a room with a if that's possible.

7 The to freeze MPs' salaries has been met with criticism.

8 Make sure you fill the with water every day – they get quite thirsty. p.92

ГРАММАТИКА: существительные: составные и притяжательные формы. а) Обведите правильную фразу в каждой паре. Если вы считаете, что возможны оба варианта, объясните разницу между ними, если она есть.

Ответ:

1. a recipe book

English: 'A recipe's book' is incorrect. 'Recipe book' is a compound noun.

Русский: «A recipe's book» — неверно. «Recipe book» (книга рецептов) — это составное существительное.

2. Both are possible.

English: 'A tuna salad' is the common name for the dish. 'A salad of tuna' is also correct but less common, and it emphasizes the main ingredient.

Русский: Оба варианта возможны. «A tuna salad» (салат с тунцом) — это общепринятое название блюда. «A salad of tuna» (салат из тунца) — тоже правильно, но менее распространено и подчеркивает основной ингредиент.

3. children's portions

English: 'Children portions' is incorrect. The possessive form is used to show the portions are for children.

Русский: «Children portions» — неверно. Используется притяжательная форма, чтобы показать, что порции предназначены для детей.

4. Both are possible.

English: They have different meanings. 'A coffee cup' is an empty container for coffee. 'A cup of coffee' is a cup with coffee in it.

Русский: Оба варианта возможны, но у них разные значения. «A coffee cup» (кофейная чашка) — это пустая емкость для кофе. «A cup of coffee» (чашка кофе) — это чашка, в которой налит кофе.

5. a chef's hat

English: The possessive form is standard here. 'A chef hat' is understandable but much less common.

Русский: Здесь стандартной является притяжательная форма. «A chef hat» — понятно, но гораздо менее распространено.

6. a tin opener

English: 'A tins opener' is incorrect. The first noun in a compound noun is typically singular.

Русский: «A tins opener» — неверно. Первое существительное в составном существительном обычно стоит в единственном числе.

7. Both are possible.

English: For names ending in 's', both James's and James' are grammatically correct, though James's is more common in modern usage.

Русский: Для имен, оканчивающихся на «s», грамматически верны оба варианта — James's и James', хотя James's чаще встречается в современном употреблении.

8. a friend of John's

English: 'A John's friend' is incorrect. The correct structure is 'a friend of + possessive noun' (double possessive), meaning one of John's friends.

Русский: «A John's friend» — неверно. Правильная конструкция — «a friend of + притяжательное существительное» (двойной притяжательный падеж), что означает «один из друзей Джона».