Номер 4, страница 55, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

Часть 1. Unit 2. Performing Arts: Theatre. Step 2 - номер 4, страница 55.

Условие.

4 A. Read the text below and say which of these ideas are not in it.

1) The history of entertainment is very old.

2) In ancient times people had special places for singing, dancing and storytelling.

3) Greek drama was the first public entertainment in Europe.

4) We know two kinds of Greek drama.

5) Greek tragedies always ended in the most important character dying.

6) Romans introduced new forms of entertainment.

7) In the Middle Ages the church didn't let the theatre develop freely.

8) The first performances took place in the streets.

9) The Renaissance [rI'neIsəns] was the time when the theatre developed fast and became very important.

The History of Entertainment

Nearly everyone enjoys entertainment. The beginnings of popular entertainment go back to prehistoric times, when dance, music and storytelling were very important.

The traditions of entertainment began in ancient Greece about 2,500 years ago with the development of Greek drama. In those days they organized festivals to celebrate Dionysus [ˌdaɪəˈnaɪsəs], the Greek god of wine and new life, with song and dance. Later poets began to write stories for a large group of performers (a chorus ['kɒrəs] and an actor). Then they introduced another actor which made a dialogue between characters possible. There were two forms of classical ['klæsikl] Greek drama – tragedy and comedy.

Athens, Theatre of Dionysus

The Romans continued the traditions of Greece and developed other kinds of entertainment as well. The beginnings of the circus are connected with gladiators ['glædiətəz] fighting in public arenas [ə'riːnəz].

In the Middle Ages the church considered entertainment and drama wrong, but by and by drama reappeared with religious and moral plays.

A Scene in Greek Drama

In the time of Renaissance the theatre became less religious and there was a new interest in Greek and Roman drama. Common people preferred comedies which were performed by a travelling group of actors. At first, the actors had no text, only an idea of what was going to happen and had to improvise ['ɪmprəvaɪz]. They usually performed on high platforms in public places. The actors offered entertainment which included plays, songs and dances.

The Golden Age of Theatre began when the first special theatres were built. The first of such theatres was opened in London in 1652. Soon there appeared a few others including the famous Globe Theatre. Among the writers who worked for these theatres was William Shakespeare, one of the greatest dramatists in any language. Shakespeare gave his audience great literature but at the same time he gave them popular entertainment.

The Globe Theatre

Nowadays people entertain themselves by listening to music, watching TV programmes, films and videos, going to concerts and circus shows but the theatre is still among our favourite entertainments.

B. Listen, (22), and read the text aloud.

C. What do the marked words mean? What helped you to understand them: a) the way they look and sound or b) the context?

Решение.

Решение 2.

A. Прочитайте текст ниже и скажите, каких из этих идей в нем нет. B. Послушайте (22) и прочитайте текст вслух. C. Что означают выделенные слова? Что помогло вам их понять: а) их внешний вид и звучание или б) контекст?

Ответ:

A. The ideas that are not in the text are: 3, 5, 8.

(Идеи, которых нет в тексте: 3, 5, 8.)

B. Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.

C.

Word (Слово)	Meaning (Значение)	What helped to understand (Что помогло понять)
prehistoric	The time before people started writing history. (Время до того, как люди начали писать историю.)	b) The context. The text says "go back to prehistoric times," which means a very long time ago. (б) Контекст. В тексте говорится "восходят к доисторическим временам", что означает очень давно.)
wine	An alcoholic drink made from grapes. (Алкогольный напиток из винограда.)	b) The context. The text mentions Dionysus, "the Greek god of wine". (б) Контекст. В тексте упоминается Дионис, "греческий бог вина".)
chorus	A large group of performers. (Большая группа исполнителей.)	b) The context. The text explains the meaning right after the word: "(a large group of performers)". (б) Контекст. Текст объясняет значение сразу после слова: "(большая группа исполнителей)".)
classical	Something traditional, related to ancient Greece or Rome. (Что-то традиционное, относящееся к Древней Греции или Риму.)	b) The context. The phrase "classical Greek drama" suggests it's the original, traditional drama from Greece. (б) Контекст. Фраза "классическая греческая драма" предполагает, что это оригинальная, традиционная драма из Греции.)
tragedy and comedy	Two types of plays: tragedy is sad, and comedy is funny. (Два типа пьес: трагедия — грустная, а комедия — смешная.)	b) The context. They are listed as the "two forms of classical Greek drama". (б) Контекст. Они перечислены как "две формы классической греческой драмы".)
gladiators	Fighters who fought in arenas for entertainment. (Бойцы, которые сражались на аренах для развлечения.)	b) The context. The text says they were "fighting in public arenas". (б) Контекст. В тексте говорится, что они "сражались на общественных аренах".)
reappeared	Appeared again. (Появился снова.)	a) The way it looks and b) the context. The prefix "re-" means "again". The text says drama was considered wrong and then it "reappeared". (а) Внешний вид и б) контекст. Приставка "re-" означает "снова". В тексте говорится, что драма считалась неправильной, а затем она "появилась снова".)
improvise	To create or perform without preparation or text. (Создавать или исполнять без подготовки или текста.)	b) The context. The text says "actors had no text ... and had to improvise". (б) Контекст. В тексте говорится, что "у актеров не было текста... и им приходилось импровизировать".)
platforms	A raised floor or stage. (Приподнятый пол или сцена.)	b) The context. The text says actors "performed on high platforms", which suggests a stage so the audience could see. (б) Контекст. В тексте говорится, что актеры "выступали на высоких платформах", что подразумевает сцену, чтобы публика могла видеть.)
Globe Theatre	The name of a famous theatre. (Название известного театра.)	b) The context. The text says "the famous Globe Theatre" and lists it as one of the theatres that appeared. (б) Контекст. В тексте говорится "знаменитый театр 'Глобус'" и перечисляется как один из появившихся театров.)
dramatists	People who write plays (dramas). (Люди, которые пишут пьесы (драмы).)	b) The context. The text calls William Shakespeare, a famous writer of plays, one of the greatest "dramatists". (б) Контекст. В тексте Уильяма Шекспира, известного автора пьес, называют одним из величайших "драматургов".)