Номер 45, страница 100 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс (enjoy english) учебник Биболетова, Бабушис

45 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and guess what invention each of them refers to.

Technological civilisation

We are a technological society. Technology appeared when a human used a stone as a tool for the first time. Nowadays it is impossible to imagine our life without technology, it has changed and improved our life and, actually, we depend on technology.

Let's remember some of the most important inventions:

1

One of the oldest technologies is silk production. It became an industry about 5,000 years ago in China. Silk production is associated with the first known woman inventor, Xiling-shi, the wife of Emperor Huangdi. She is also credited with the idea of making clothes of silk and the invention of the loom. For several thousand years silk production remained a Chinese secret. Only in the 5th century two monks stole silk eggs and mulberry seeds and brought them to Byzantine Empire. China is still the world leader in silk production.

2

The first printed book appeared at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance. Johan Gutenberg, a German inventor, created a printing press. In 1455 he published the Bible that is considered to be the first printed book. This invention changed the world and during the following fifty years the number of published books was more than in the previous thousand years. It was the first revolution in information technology.

3

Historians say that the first ships appeared about 10,000 years ago but they couldn't be called real ships, they were some primitive vessels with animal skins as sails. Models of ships moved by people were used in ancient Egypt about 6,000 years ago. A thousand years later the Egyptians used ships with sails moved by the wind. Still there is a question: How did the first Australian inhabitants travelled at least 70 kilometres across the ocean 60,000 years ago?

4

We don't know for sure who invented the telescope but the first person who patented the invention was Hans Lippershey in 1608. Galileo made another telescope the following year. His studies changed the beliefs that the Earth was the centre of the solar system. In 1688 Isaac Newton created another type of a telescope with mirrors and this idea is used in most telescopes nowadays.

5

The word “computer” was first used in the 17th century and it described a human doing calculations. Later people realised that machines could be much better in calculations and in 1888 the first working computer was designed by Herman Hollerith. He used electricity and pinched cards in his machine. Actually, this American inventor started automatic data processing. The first commercially available computers appeared in 1951 and at the end of the 1960's they were used in many companies. Now we can't imagine our life without computers and it is difficult to believe that personal computers were created in 1975.

6

In the 1940's first lasers appeared, they were based on principles described by Albert Einstein in the theory of stimulated emission in 1917. Scientists in the USA and Russia developed lasers and two of them, Charles Townes and Alexander Prokhorov, were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1964. Today lasers are used in different spheres, for example, medicine.

45 Работай в парах. Посмотрите на картинки и угадайте, к какому изобретению относится каждая из них.

Ответ:

• A: Telescope (Телескоп)

• B: Computer (Компьютер)

• C: Silk production / Loom (Производство шелка / Ткацкий станок)

• D: Telescope (Телескоп)

• E: Computer (Компьютер)

• F: Ship (Корабль)