номер 4, страница 52 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

4 GRAMMAR unreal uses of past tenses

1 When we got married, we were penniless but happy!

2 If we bought bikes, we'd be able to sell the car.

3 It's time Jon stopped spending so much on stuff we don't really need.

4 If only I could work part-time and get an allotment.

5 I wish we'd been able to save more when we were younger.

6 I can't believe that Sarah didn't accept that promotion!

7 If she borrowed some money from her parents, we could afford a new car.

8 I'd rather the kids went to a private school.

a Look at the couple in the photo and read what they're thinking. Who is more 'anti-capitalist'?

b Look at the highlighted verbs and answer the questions with a partner.

• Which verbs refer to things that really happened in the past?

• What do the others have in common?

c G p.151 Grammar Bank 5B

5B

unreal uses of past tenses

1 It's so expensive! I wish I could afford it!

I wish (that) you hadn't spoken to Julie like that – you know how sensitive she is.

2 If only he were a bit less stubborn! Then we wouldn't have so many arguments!

If only you hadn't forgotten the map, we'd be there by now.

3 I wish she were a bit more generous.

If only the weather were a bit warmer, we could walk there.

4 I'd rather you left your dog outside – I'm allergic to animals.

Are you sure this is a good time to talk? Would you rather I called back later?

5 Don't you think it's time you found a job? It's six months since you finished university!

1 We use wish + past simple to talk about things we would like to be different in the present / future (but which are impossible or unlikely).

We use wish + past perfect to talk about things which happened / didn't happen in the past and which we now regret.

We sometimes use that after wish.

2 We sometimes use If only... instead of I wish... It is less common and more emphatic. It can be used by itself, e.g. If only I hadn't said it! but it can also be used with another clause, e.g. If only I hadn't said it, none of this would have happened!

When we want to talk about things we want to happen or stop happening because they annoy us, we use wish or If only + person / thing + would + infinitive, e.g. I wish the bus would come! If only he wouldn't keep whistling when I'm working!

3 We can use were instead of was for I / he / she / it after wish and if only.

4 We use would rather + subject + past tense to express a preference.

We can also use would rather + infinitive without to when there is no change of subject, e.g. I'd rather not talk about it. However, we cannot use this structure when the subject changes after would rather, e.g. I'd rather you didn't talk about it. NOT I'd rather you not talk about it.

5 We use the past simple after It's (high) time + subject to say that something has to be done now or in the near future.

We can also use It's time + to + infinitive when we don't want to specify the subject, e.g. It's time to go now.

GRAMMAR BANK

a Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

I wish I hadn't lent Gary that money now. Who knows when he'll pay it back? (not lend)

1 It's high time the government ______ that most people disagree with their education policy. (realize)

2 My wife would rather we ______ a flat nearer the city centre, but we can't afford it. (buy)

3 I wish you ______ to stay a bit longer last night – we were having such a good time! (be able)

4 Would you rather we ______ the subject now? (not discuss)

5 I think it's time the company ______ expecting us to do overtime for no extra pay. (stop)

6 If only I ______ a bit more when I was earning a salary, I wouldn't be so hard up now. (save)

7 I'd rather you ______ me in cash, please. (pay)

8 If only we ______ the name of the shop, we could google it and see where it is. (know)

9 Do you wish you ______ to university or are you glad you left school and started work? (go)

b Complete the sentences using the bold word or phrase.

The children ought to go to bed. It's nine o'clock. time

It's time the children went to bed. It's nine o'clock.

1 I'd prefer you not to wear shoes in the living room, if you don't mind. rather

______ if you don't mind.

2 I would like to be able to afford to travel more. wish

______ travel more.

3 We shouldn't have painted the room blue – it looks awful. if only

______ – it looks awful!

4 Don't you think you should start looking for your own flat? time

Don't you think ______ for your own flat?

5 He's so rude, he's really difficult to work with. if only

______ he'd be easier to work with.

6 Would you prefer us to come another day? rather

______ another day?

7 I should have bought the tickets last week. They would have been cheaper then. wish

They would have been cheaper then.

______ last week.

8 It's really inconvenient when he turns up without letting us know. if only

______ before he turns up.

p.52

d Ask and answer the questions in small groups. Do you ever wish...?

• you'd chosen to study different subjects at school or university

• you could have a year off to travel

• you could learn a new skill

• you had more free time for your hobbies and interests

• you lived in another town or city

• you could come up with a great idea for a business

4. Посмотрите на пару на фотографии и прочтите, о чем они думают. Кто из них более «антикапиталистичен»? Посмотрите на выделенные глаголы и ответьте на вопросы с партнером. Какие глаголы относятся к событиям, которые действительно произошли в прошлом? Что общего у остальных?

Ответ:

a. The woman is more 'anti-capitalist'. She seems to value happiness over money and is critical of consumerism, whereas the man is more focused on financial matters like saving money, affording a new car, and private education.
(Женщина более «антикапиталистична». Кажется, она ценит счастье выше денег и критично относится к потребительству, в то время как мужчина больше сосредоточен на финансовых вопросах, таких как накопление денег, покупка новой машины и частное образование.)

b.

• The verbs that refer to things that really happened in the past are: got married, were, didn't accept.
(Глаголы, которые относятся к событиям, действительно произошедшим в прошлом: поженились, были, не приняла.)

• The other verbs all refer to unreal situations (hypotheticals, wishes, or regrets). They are in a past tense form, but they don't describe real past events.
(Все остальные глаголы относятся к нереальным ситуациям (гипотетическим, желаниям или сожалениям). Они стоят в форме прошедшего времени, но не описывают реальные события прошлого.)

5B

a. Дополните предложения, поставив глагол в скобках в правильную форму.

Ответ:

1. It's high time the government realized that most people disagree with their education policy.
(Правительству давно пора осознать, что большинство людей не согласно с его политикой в области образования.)

2. My wife would rather we bought a flat nearer the city centre, but we can't afford it.
(Моя жена предпочла бы, чтобы мы купили квартиру поближе к центру города, но мы не можем себе этого позволить.)

3. I wish you had been able to stay a bit longer last night - we were having such a good time!
(Жаль, что ты не смог остаться подольше вчера вечером - мы так хорошо проводили время!)

4. Would you rather we didn't discuss the subject now?
(Ты бы предпочел, чтобы мы не обсуждали эту тему сейчас?)

5. I think it's time the company stopped expecting us to do overtime for no extra pay.
(Я думаю, компании пора прекратить ожидать от нас, что мы будем работать сверхурочно без дополнительной оплаты.)

6. If only I had saved a bit more when I was earning a salary, I wouldn't be so hard up now.
(Если бы только я откладывал немного больше, когда получал зарплату, я бы не был сейчас в таком трудном положении.)

7. I'd rather you paid me in cash, please.
(Я бы предпочел, чтобы вы заплатили мне наличными, пожалуйста.)

8. If only we knew the name of the shop, we could google it and see where it is.
(Если бы только мы знали название магазина, мы бы могли поискать его в Google и посмотреть, где он находится.)

9. Do you wish you had gone to university or are you glad you left school and started work?
(Ты жалеешь, что не пошел в университет, или рад, что закончил школу и начал работать?)

b. Дополните предложения, используя выделенное слово или фразу.

Ответ:

1. I'd rather you didn't wear shoes in the living room, if you don't mind.
(Я бы предпочел, чтобы вы не носили обувь в гостиной, если вы не возражаете.)

2. I wish I could afford to travel more.
(Жаль, что я не могу позволить себе больше путешествовать.)

3. If only we hadn't painted the room blue - it looks awful!
(Если бы только мы не покрасили комнату в синий цвет - это выглядит ужасно!)

4. Don't you think it's time you started looking for your own flat?
(Тебе не кажется, что пора бы тебе начать искать собственную квартиру?)

5. If only he weren't so rude, he'd be easier to work with.
(Если бы только он не был таким грубым, с ним было бы легче работать.)

6. Would you rather we came another day?
(Вы бы предпочли, чтобы мы пришли в другой день?)

7. I wish I had bought the tickets last week.
(Жаль, что я не купил билеты на прошлой неделе.)

8. If only he would let us know before he turns up.
(Если бы только он предупреждал нас перед тем, как появиться.)

d. Задайте вопросы и ответьте на них в небольших группах. Вы когда-нибудь хотели бы...?

Ответ:

• ...you'd chosen to study different subjects at school or university?
Sometimes I wish I'd chosen art instead of chemistry. I think it would be more fun.
(Иногда я жалею, что не выбрал рисование вместо химии. Думаю, это было бы веселее.)

• ...you could have a year off to travel?
Yes! I wish I could travel for a whole year after school. I'd love to visit Japan and the USA.
(Да! Я бы хотел путешествовать целый год после школы. Мне бы очень хотелось посетить Японию и США.)

• ...you could learn a new skill?
I wish I could learn to play the guitar. It seems really cool.
(Я бы хотел научиться играть на гитаре. Это кажется очень крутым.)

• ...you had more free time for your hobbies and interests?
Definitely. I wish I had more free time for video games and friends. I have too much homework.
(Определенно. Я бы хотел, чтобы у меня было больше свободного времени на видеоигры и друзей. У меня слишком много домашней работы.)

• ...you lived in another town or city?
I sometimes wish I lived in a bigger city. There would be more things to do, like going to concerts.
(Иногда мне хочется жить в городе побольше. Там было бы больше развлечений, например, можно было бы ходить на концерты.)

• ...you could come up with a great idea for a business?
It would be awesome if I could come up with an idea for a cool app. I wish I could invent something that everyone would use.
(Было бы здорово, если бы я мог придумать идею для крутого приложения. Я бы хотел изобрести что-то, чем бы все пользовались.)