номер 7, страница 53 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

7 WRITING

p.122 Writing A proposal Analyse a proposal for increasing student numbers at a language school, and write a proposal.

Writing A proposal

KJ

LANGUAGE

SCHOOL

A proposal

KEY SUCCESS FACTORS

• organizing your proposal under headings

• describing the current situation

• making logical and persuasive recommendations related to your observations or research

• being clear and concise

ANALYSING A MODEL TEXT

a The managers of a language school would like to expand the business and increase the number of students attending each year. They asked some students to carry out a survey and then write a proposal on how to achieve this. Read the proposal. What recommendations do the students make in the three areas?

b Replace the highlighted phrases with the more formal expressions used in the proposal.

1 What this proposal is for is...

The _____________________________________________________________________ is...

2 ...is to say what things could be better with the classes and facilities...

...is to _____________________________________________________________________ the classes and facilities...

3 In general, students think the teachers are very good.

In general, students _____________________________________________________________________

4 About the size of the classes, we suggest that there should never be more than 12 students in a class.

_____________________________________________________________________ we suggest that there should never be more than 12 students in a class.

5 As for how long the classes last, lessons officially last an hour...

_____________________________________________________________________ lessons officially last an hour...

6 ...first, we suggest buying more computers...

...we suggest, _____________________________________________________________________ more computers...

7 ...most students studying at King James at the moment are positive...

_____________________________________________________________________ are positive...

8 ...that if you make the changes we suggest, student numbers could be increased by as much as 10%.

...that _____________________________________________________________________, student numbers could be increased by as much as 10%.

Introduction

The King James Language School is a successful business which attracts a reasonable number of students every year. However, the school managers think that these numbers could be increased, so we carried out a satisfaction survey with existing students. The aim of this proposal is to suggest a range of improvements to the classes and facilities at the school in order to attract new customers.

1 The classes

In general, students rate the quality of teaching very highly. However, there are some criticisms about class size and the length of classes. As regards class size, we suggest that there should never be more than 12 students in a class. Regarding class duration, lessons officially last an hour, but in practice they are usually only 45 minutes because of latecomers. As a result, we propose that all students who arrive more than five minutes late should have to wait until the next break for admittance.

2 The self-study centre

It is generally thought that the self-study centre, while useful, has two major drawbacks. There are not enough computers, and at peak times they are always occupied. In addition, the centre closes at 7 p.m., so students who come to the later classes cannot use the centre at all. To address these issues, we suggest, firstly, purchasing more computers, and secondly, extending the opening hours to 9 p.m.

3 The cafeteria

The cafeteria was recently replaced by vending machines for drinks and snacks. While there's no doubt that people often had to wait quite a long time to be served, feedback shows that most students greatly prefer to have a cafeteria on the premises. Our final proposal is that the cafeteria should be reopened, serving both healthy snacks and hot meals.

Conclusion

Overall, the majority of students currently attending courses at King James are positive about the school and its facilities. We strongly believe that if the suggested changes are implemented, student numbers could be increased by as much as 10%.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

c Complete the missing words. Some (but not all) are in the model proposal.

Some common expressions for generalizing

1 In g_______________________, people think...

2 Generally sp_______________________, people think...

3 It is generally co_______________________ / thought...

4 The general v_______________________ is that certain improvements need to be made.

5 Ov_______________________ the majority of students think...

d Rewrite the sentences to make them more formal.

Making recommendations

1 Why don't you make the classes smaller?

We propose _____________________________________________________________________

2 It would be much better if classes lasted an hour.

It would be far preferable for classes _____________________________________________________________________

3 Please buy new computers.

We suggest _____________________________________________________________________

4 The opening hours should be extended until 9 p.m.

It would be advisable _____________________________________________________________________

5 You really should open the cafeteria again.

We strongly recommend _____________________________________________________________________

b Together, suggest improvements to the study trips, beginning with a different expression from d each time.

TIPS for writing a proposal:

• Look carefully at who the proposal is for and what they want to know. This will help you choose what information you have to include.

• Decide what the sections of the proposal are going to be and think of headings for them.

• In the introduction, state clearly what the purpose of the proposal is.

• For each paragraph, explain the situation and make a recommendation. Don't forget to say if something is good, as well as bad.

• Use an appropriate style, avoiding very informal expressions.

• Try not to use exactly the same words as in any information you are given.

• Use a variety of expressions for generalizing and making recommendations.

WRITING

Write a proposal of between 220 and 260 words.

DRAFT your proposal, using the headings and recommendations you worked on in the planning stage.

EDIT the proposal, making sure you've covered all the main points, checking paragraphing, cutting any irrelevant information, and making sure it's the right length.

CHECK the proposal for mistakes in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and register.

+ p.53

PLANNING WHAT TO WRITE

a Read the following task and study the relevant information. Then, with a partner, decide:

1 how many headings you will need and what they should be.

2 how to express the main issues in your own words.

Your school would like to increase the number of students going on four-week study trips to the UK. You have been asked by the school principal to write a proposal with recommendations for getting more students to go on these trips. You have got feedback from the students who went on the most recent trip, including what they were positive about, and what problems they had, and you have made the following notes:

• People with families much happier than ones who stayed in the halls of residence, because they were able to practise their English with the families.

• School OK and classes good, but almost everyone complained about the lunch (just a sandwich). Some thought six hours of classes a day too much.

• People not very keen on some weekend cultural programmes. Trips to London and Oxford great, to Bath and Stratford boring. On all trips, too much sightseeing and not enough time for shopping!

Проанализируйте предложение по увеличению числа студентов в языковой школе и напишите свое предложение. Ответьте на задания a, b, c, d и 'Планирование' (Planning what to write).

Ответ:

a

What recommendations do the students make in the three areas? / Какие рекомендации дают студенты в трех областях?

1. The Classes: Limit the class size to no more than 12 students. Students who arrive more than five minutes late should wait until the next break for admittance. / Занятия: Ограничить размер класса до 12 студентов. Студенты, опоздавшие более чем на пять минут, должны ждать следующего перерыва для допуска.

2. The self-study centre: Purchase more computers and extend the opening hours to 9 p.m. / Центр для самостоятельных занятий: Приобрести больше компьютеров и продлить часы работы до 9 вечера.

3. The cafeteria: Reopen the cafeteria, serving both healthy snacks and hot meals. / Кафетерий: Вновь открыть кафетерий, где будут подавать как полезные закуски, так и горячие блюда.

b

Replace the highlighted phrases with the more formal expressions used in the proposal. / Замените выделенные фразы более формальными выражениями, использованными в предложении.

c

Complete the missing words. / Дополните пропущенные слова.

1. In general, people think...

2. Generally speaking, people think...

3. It is generally considered / thought...

4. The general view is that certain improvements need to be made.

5. Overall, the majority of students think...

d

Rewrite the sentences to make them more formal. / Перепишите предложения, чтобы сделать их более формальными.

PLANNING WHAT TO WRITE (ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ)

a

1. How many headings you will need and what they should be. / Сколько заголовков вам понадобится и какими они должны быть.

Four headings would be suitable: Introduction, Accommodation, School Life (Classes and Lunch), Weekend Programme, and Conclusion. / Подойдут четыре заголовка: Введение, Проживание, Школьная жизнь (Занятия и обед), Программа на выходные и Заключение.

2. How to express the main issues in your own words. / Как выразить основные проблемы своими словами.

The main issues are: the accommodation in halls of residence is less popular than staying with families; the school day is too long and the lunch is inadequate; some weekend trips are boring and lack free time for shopping. / Основные проблемы: проживание в общежитиях менее популярно, чем в семьях; учебный день слишком длинный, а обед недостаточный; некоторые поездки на выходных скучные, и в них не хватает свободного времени для шоппинга.

b

Suggest improvements to the study trips. / Предложите улучшения для учебных поездок.

This is a creative task. Here are some examples: / Это творческое задание. Вот несколько примеров:

We propose that the school day should be shortened to five hours. / Мы предлагаем сократить учебный день до пяти часов.

It would be far preferable for students to be offered a better lunch, for example, a hot meal. / Было бы гораздо предпочтительнее, чтобы студентам предлагали лучший обед, например, горячее блюдо.

We suggest that the weekend programme should include more free time for shopping. / Мы предлагаем, чтобы программа на выходные включала больше свободного времени для шоппинга.

It would be advisable to offer more placements with local families as this was a very popular option. / Было бы целесообразно предложить больше мест в местных семьях, так как этот вариант был очень популярен.

We strongly recommend revising the itineraries for the trips to Bath and Stratford to make them more engaging. / Мы настоятельно рекомендуем пересмотреть маршруты поездок в Бат и Стратфорд, чтобы сделать их более увлекательными.