Номер 1, страница 116 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс (starlight) учебник Баранова, Дули

Reading

1 a) What do you know about dolphins? Tell the class.

b) How do dolphins communicate? Why are scientists trying to decode their language?

6f Animal talk

Do you speak dolphinese?

Dr Denise Herzing knows the names of all the members of the pod of wild spotted dolphins she studies. She knows who the grandparents are and when their grandchildren were born. She recognises scars on flippers and can remember when the wounds first appeared. When the dolphins appear, she mimics their behaviour by swimming upside down to say hello. She is very familiar with each individual dolphin. This isn’t surprising as she has shared 27 summers off the Florida coast and has had over 2,600 encounters with dolphins. She has spent more time with dolphins than anyone else on Earth. But this is still not enough for Denise. “I want to know what they’re thinking,” she says. In fact, Denise has already spent years experimenting with communicating with the dolphins, but her greatest wish is that one day very soon the dolphins will be able to speak back and tell her what’s on their minds.

solution, therefore, was to come up with a new simple language that both humans and dolphins could share. Her latest experiment involves a small waterproof computer that divers will wear called CHAT (Cetacean Hearing and Telemetry). It will send out one of eight signals that correspond to something in the undersea world, seaweed for example. The computer will listen to see if the dolphins mimic the signals. After the system has ‘learnt’ dolphin, all the sounds the dolphins make will then be put through the computer which will try to work out patterns in them in order to decode the vocabulary and grammar of ‘dolphinese’. Then scientists can learn how to ‘reply’ with dolphin-like signals themselves. This underwater translator is only at the trial stage at the moment, but if it is successful, it could have a huge impact. Not only would it delight marine biologists such as Denise Herzing, but it may be possible to adapt the system to enable two-way communication with other animal species, too. Scientists working at SETI (The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) have also expressed a lot of interest in the device! They hope that CHAT could be used to make contact with life in distant galaxies! Herzing says that her research “may be our best training ground for exploring the cosmos for other life, because if we can’t understand life on this planet then there is no hope for our exploration of the galaxy.”

Dolphins have the second most evolved brain on the planet after the human race and they are highly sociable and intelligent and remarkably skilled at problem solving. They live in a complex society in which, together with friends and relatives, they raise their young, share responsibilities and resolve conflicts. So clever are these aquatic mammals that they can understand up to two hundred human words using gestures and symbols and even the difference between a statement and a question. So far, however, attempts to talk with dolphins have been mostly one-way. “Many studies ask dolphins to respond to human commands, using fish as a reward, but rarely do we ask dolphins to seek something from us,” says Dr Herzing.

Scientists like Denise Herzing hope that it’s only a matter of time before we can speak to dolphins. The only question is, what on Earth are they going to say to us?

Denise knows that it won’t be easy to get dolphins to ‘speak’ to us. Both the vocal chords of humans and dolphins and the sounds they produce are extremely different. Dolphins communicate with whistles, clicks and other sounds, some of which are too high-frequency for humans to make out. “They live in a sensory world we can only imagine, full of different sounds, sights and tastes,” Dr Herzing explains. Her elegant

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Reading

1 a) What do you know about dolphins? Tell the class.

b) How do dolphins communicate? Why are scientists trying to decode their language?

1 a) Что вы знаете о дельфинах? Расскажите классу.

Ответ:

I know that dolphins are very intelligent marine mammals. They live in the ocean, can swim very fast, and are known for being friendly and playful. They often jump out of the water and sometimes interact with humans.

Я знаю, что дельфины — очень умные морские млекопитающие. Они живут в океане, могут очень быстро плавать и известны тем, что они дружелюбные и игривые. Они часто выпрыгивают из воды и иногда взаимодействуют с людьми.

1 b) Как общаются дельфины? Почему ученые пытаются расшифровать их язык?

Ответ:

Dolphins communicate using a variety of sounds, including clicks and whistles. They also use body language, like tail slaps or jumping. Scientists are trying to decode their language to understand their complex social structures, intelligence, and possibly learn how to communicate with another species. This research could also help us protect them better.

Дельфины общаются с помощью различных звуков, включая щелчки и свист. Они также используют язык тела, например, удары хвостом или прыжки. Ученые пытаются расшифровать их язык, чтобы понять их сложные социальные структуры, интеллект и, возможно, научиться общаться с другим видом. Это исследование также может помочь нам лучше их защитить.