Mixed Conditionals, страница 178 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс (starlight) учебник Баранова, Дули

Grammar Practice Section. Module 4 - страница 178.

Условие.

Mixed Conditionals

We can form mixed conditionals, if the context permits it, by combining an if-clause from one type with a main clause from another.

If-clause	Main Clause
Type 2 If he went to bed late last night,	Type 1 he won't be able to get up on time today.
Type 2 If you were more careful,	Type 3 you wouldn't have broken your leg.
Type 3 If he hadn't missed the bus,	Type 2 he would be at work now.

Wishes

• We can use wish/if only to express a wish.

Verb Tense		Use
+ past simple/ past continuous	I wish I was rich now. (but I'm not) If only I were going to the beach. (but I'm not)	to say that we would like something to be different about a present situation
+ past perfect	I wish I had finished the housework. (but I didn't) If only she hadn't told me to leave her alone. (but she did)	to express regret about something which happened or didn't happen in the past
+ subject + would + bare inf.	I wish you would stop smoking. If only it would stop raining.	to express: a polite imperative. a desire for a situation or person's behaviour to change

Note:

• If only is used in exactly the same way as wish but it is more emphatic or more dramatic.

• We can use were instead of was after wish and if only. I wish I were/was at the beach.

Note: I wish to speak to you now (I want to ...)

Unreal Past – had better – would rather

The Past Simple can be used to talk about imaginary, unreal or improbable situations in the present, and the Past Perfect can be used to talk about imaginary, unreal or improbable situations in the past. This is called unreal past. Unreal Past is used as follows:

Past Simple to refer to the present:

• Type 2 conditionals: e.g. If I were you, I'd ask for help.

• wish/If only: e.g. I wish he were more patient with children.

• I'd rather/sooner sb ...: e.g. I'd rather he studied more.

• Suppose/Supposing: e.g. Suppose you were asked to stay back, what would you do?

• as if/as though: e.g. He behaves as if he were the boss.

• It's (about/high) time ...: e.g. It's time we left.

Past Perfect to refer to the past:

• Type 3 conditionals: e.g. If I had been more careful, I wouldn't have had the accident.

• wish/If only: e.g. If only I hadn't told lies to my mum.

• I'd rather/sooner sb ...: e.g. I'd rather he hadn't spent so much money yesterday.

• Suppose/Supposing: e.g. Suppose he had seen you, what would you have done?

• as if/as though: e.g. They looked at each other as if they had met before.

had better = should

• I had better + present bare infinitive (for present/future reference): e.g. You'd better take an aspirin.

• It would have been better if + Past Perfect (for past reference): e.g. It would have been better if you had told them the truth.

would rather = I'd prefer

• When the subject of would rather is also the subject of the following verb, we use I'd rather + present bare infinitive (for present/future reference) or I'd rather + perfect bare infinitive (for past reference): e.g. I'd rather leave now. I'd rather have admitted taking the money.

• When the subject of would rather is different from the subject of the following verb, we use: I'd rather sb + Past Simple (for present/future reference) or I'd rather sb + Past Perfect (for past reference): e.g. I'd rather you put on the green dress tonight. I'd rather you had called me earlier.

Note:

• prefer + gerund/noun + to + gerund/noun (general preference): e.g. I prefer swimming to skiing.

• prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (general preference): e.g. I prefer to dress casually rather than dress formally.

• would prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (specific preference): e.g. I'd prefer to go hiking rather than go horse riding.

• would rather + bare infinitive + than + bare infinitive: e.g. I'd rather read than watch TV.

Решение 1.

Решение 3.

Объясните грамматические правила, представленные на изображении.

Ответ:

Mixed Conditionals

We can form mixed conditionals by combining an if-clause from one type with a main clause from another.

Мы можем образовывать смешанные условные предложения, комбинируя придаточное предложение (if-clause) одного типа с главным предложением другого типа.

If-clause	Main Clause
Type 2	Type 1
If he went to bed late last night,	he won't be able to get up on time today.
Type 2	Type 3
If you were more careful,	you wouldn't have broken your leg.
Type 3	Type 2
If he hadn't missed the bus,	he would be at work now.

Wishes

We can use `wish`/`if only` to express a wish.

Мы можем использовать `wish`/`if only` для выражения желания.

Verb Tense	Use
+ past simple / past continuous	to say that we would like something to be different about a present situation. (чтобы сказать, что мы хотели бы что-то изменить в текущей ситуации). e.g. I wish I was rich.
+ past perfect	to express regret about something which happened or didn't happen in the past. (чтобы выразить сожаление о чем-то, что произошло или не произошло в прошлом). e.g. I wish I had finished the housework.
+ subject + would + bare inf.	to express a polite imperative or a desire for a situation or person's behaviour to change. (чтобы выразить вежливое повеление или желание изменить ситуацию или поведение человека). e.g. I wish you would stop smoking.

Unreal Past — had better — would rather

The Past Simple and Past Perfect can be used to talk about imaginary, unreal or improbable situations in the present and past. This is called Unreal Past.

Времена Past Simple и Past Perfect могут использоваться для описания воображаемых, нереальных или маловероятных ситуаций в настоящем и прошлом. Это называется нереальным прошлым (Unreal Past).

Past Simple is used to refer to the present in:

Past Simple используется для отсылки к настоящему в:

Type 2 conditionals, `wish/if only`, `I'd rather/sooner sb ...`, `Suppose/Supposing`, `as if/as though`, `It's (about/high) time ...`

Past Perfect is used to refer to the past in:

Past Perfect используется для отсылки к прошлому в:

Type 3 conditionals, `wish/if only`, `I'd rather/sooner sb ...`, `Suppose/Supposing`, `as if/as though`

had better = should

had better = следует

We use `had better + present bare infinitive` for present/future reference.

Мы используем `had better + инфинитив без частицы to` для отсылки к настоящему/будущему.

e.g. You'd better take an aspirin.

would rather = I'd prefer

would rather = я бы предпочел

When the subject of `would rather` is the same as the subject of the following verb, we use `I'd rather + present bare infinitive` (for present/future) or `I'd rather + perfect bare infinitive` (for past).

Когда подлежащее `would rather` совпадает с подлежащим следующего глагола, мы используем `I'd rather + инфинитив без частицы to` (для настоящего/будущего) или `I'd rather + перфектный инфинитив без частицы to` (для прошлого).

e.g. I'd rather leave now.

When the subject of `would rather` is different from the subject of the following verb, we use `I'd rather sb + Past Simple` (for present/future) or `I'd rather sb + Past Perfect` (for past).

Когда подлежащее `would rather` отличается от подлежащего следующего глагола, мы используем `I'd rather + кто-то + Past Simple` (для настоящего/будущего) или `I'd rather + кто-то + Past Perfect` (для прошлого).

e.g. I'd rather you put on the green dress tonight.