Номер 12, страница 11 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

Unit One. Sounds of Music. Reading - номер 12, страница 11.

Условие.

12. Read the text and say which of the statements after it are true, false and which facts are not mentioned in the text.

First of the Great Romantics

Mozart is the greatest composer of all time, claims conductor Charles Hazelwood. “Somehow, in just one phrase, he can express 50 different colours of emotion, and he seems able to do it with such ease. Most of great composers have an idea and at first they write it out like a piano score, then they orchestrate it. Mozart wrote straight off the top of his head, fully scored for the orchestra – and when you look at his manuscripts there are virtually no second thoughts, no mistakes, no crossings out. This is in marked contrast to Beethoven ['beɪthəʊv(ə)n], who is no less a genius, but his manuscripts are like a battlefield.”

We met Hazelwood in the heart of London’s Soho. Just around the corner was Frith Street where Mozart’s family took lodgings in 1764 when they came to London to show off the eight-year-old prodigy Wolfgang. For Mozart’s father, Leopold, it was a tremendously risky enterprise. He took a sabbatical from his work as director of music to the Archbishop of Salzburg² and he uprooted his young family to hit the road like a travelling circus, in carriages and fancy clothes, so they could cut a dash through the courts of Europe. He wagered everything on the talent of his small son, who he hoped would make his family’s fortune. Travelling by land and crossing the Channel were very difficult. But five days after they arrived in England, little Wolfgang was playing for the young George III and Queen Charlotte, who welcomed them warmly. Londoners would visit the Mozarts in their lodgings in the afternoons to amuse themselves by listening to the child prodigy.

Mozart could play his clavier blindfolded or with a cloth thrown over the keyboard. What most astonished people were his powers of improvisation, when the leading musicians of the day challenged him to contests. “While they’d stagger away completely, exhausted, the boy Mozart would jump off stage, saying, ‘Any more?’” explains Hazelwood. So was Mozart simply born a genius? Of course, he was, says Hazelwood: “Mozart had a quality that most mere mortals don’t have – but genius is a mixture of genetic make-up and life itself, all the brilliant and terrible things that happen. True art comes through living life.”

At last Mozart got his chance to break away from his father’s tight grip. He made his own tour to France. Mozart arrived in Paris, in torrential rain. Soon his mother, who was chaperoning him, fell ill and died. “There could be no greater expression of his suffering than his A-minor (ля минор) piano sonata, which he wrote after his mother’s death,” says Hazelwood. “It is true to say that Mozart was the first Romantic composer. Until then,” says Hazelwood, “art was very much a trade or a skill. You wrote music to order for a patron or employer. There were great composers before him, Haydn for instance, but in Mozart we get, for the first time, music that is life. He was writing out of a deep, inner spiritual need, because he had to write it. People may say it’s rubbish: Beethoven was the first Romantic and Mozart wrote music that conformed to formal structures. But Mozart’s genius was such that he worked within the conventions, took the small change of his day and turned it into a mint of gold.”

Mozart, who had failed to gain recognition that he deserved in his own country, took up a lowly appointment as a court musician at the Archbishop’s palace in Salzburg and, in 1781, as a member of the household, he went to Vienna, where he spent the last ten years of his life. As was customary, he was treated like any other servant: at table, Mozart sat below the valets but above the cooks. He soon fell out with the Archbishop; the arch-oaf, he called him. But Vienna was the city at the centre of the Enlightenment, the place to be.

In Vienna he fell in love with Constanze Weber and decided to marry her. They were made to be together. Even before they married, Constanze had inspired some of Mozart’s most sublime music. The unfinished C-minor Mass (Месса до минор), one of his greatest religious works, was written when Constanze was ill as a pact with God to ensure her recovery.

And then, suddenly, in 1787, Leopold died. Mozart was consumed with grief. “He wrote Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, the saddest music anybody has ever written in a major key,” Hazelwood explains. “It’s elegant and sad. It seems bright and gay, but underneath there’s a dark vein of melancholy and sorrow.”

Aged 31, Mozart was at the height of his powers – but the following year saw him overwhelmed by troubles. Although now a court composer, his financial affairs were a disaster and his six-months-old baby daughter died; she was the third child that he and Constanze had lost. His own health had never been good; he was constantly catching chills and was always too busy to recover from them. During the summer of 1788, living hand to mouth, Mozart wrote his last great trilogy of symphonies, which changed the course of music. “The 40th is on every mobile phone from Tokyo to New York. It’s a timeless work nothing can ruin. It’s The Jupiter, is his last will and testament to the world. It opens a whole new world of possibility.”

1. Charles Hazelwood is a musician.

2. Hazelwood thinks that both Mozart and Beethoven were geniuses but their manner of working was different.

3. Charles Hazelwood lived in London’s Soho.

4. Mozart was born in Salzburg.

5. Mozart began to compose music before he was five years old.

6. Mozart performed throughout Europe as a child.

7. It was King George III who organized Mozart’s tour of Europe.

8. Leopold Mozart tightly controlled his son’s life.

9. Mozart became very famous in his country during his lifetime.

10. Mozart married beneath him.

11. The Mozarts were not a well-to-do family.

12. Mozart wrote 41 symphonies.

13. Mozart died when he was 35.

14. All specialists consider Mozart to be a Romantic composer.

Решение.

Решение 2.

Прочитайте текст и скажите, какие из утверждений после него являются правдой (true), какие ложью (false), а какие факты не упоминаются в тексте (not mentioned).

Ответ:

1. True / Правда

2. True / Правда

3. Not mentioned / Не упоминается

4. Not mentioned / Не упоминается

5. Not mentioned / Не упоминается

6. True / Правда

7. False / Ложь

8. True / Правда

9. False / Ложь

10. Not mentioned / Не упоминается

11. True / Правда

12. Not mentioned / Не упоминается

13. Not mentioned / Не упоминается

14. Not mentioned / Не упоминается