номер 4, страница 41 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

4 GRAMMAR speculation and deduction

a 4.15 Listen to three groups of sounds which tell stories. What do you think is happening? Write three sentences for each story using the phrases below.

Story 1 must be, might be, can't have

Story 2 could have, might have, unlikely that

Story 3 probably, could be, must have

b 4.16 Compare with a partner. Then listen to the ending and say what actually happened in each story.

c p.149 Grammar Bank 4B

4B

speculation and deduction

modal verbs: must, may, might, can't, could, should, ought

1 That must be an electric car – it isn't making any noise at all.

You must have seen him – he was standing right in front of you!

2 They can't be playing very well – they're losing 3–0.

You can't/couldn't have spent very long on this essay – you've only written 100 words.

3 I haven't seen the Sales Manager today. He may/might/could be off sick.

The keys of the store cupboard have disappeared. Do you think someone may/might/could have taken them?

He may/might not have heard the message I left.

4 If I post the letter today, it should/ought to arrive on Friday.

I posted the letter a week ago, it should/ought to have arrived by now.

Infinitive or continuous infinitive after modals?

He must work really hard. He never gets home before 9.00 p.m. (deduction about a habitual action)

There's a light on in his office. He must still be working. (= deduction about an action in progress at the moment of speaking)

adjectives and adverbs for speculation

1 He's bound/sure to be here in a minute. He left an hour ago.

She's bound/sure to know. She's an expert on the subject.

2 I think she's likely/unlikely to agree to our proposal.

It is likely/unlikely that the government will raise interest rates this year.

3 She'll definitely pass the exam. She's worked really hard.

She definitely won't pass the exam. She hasn't done any work at all.

He'll probably be here around 8.00. He usually leaves work at 7.30.

He probably won't be here until about 8.15. He's stuck in a traffic jam.

1 bound and sure are adjectives. We use be bound or be sure + to + infinitive to say that we think something is certain to be true or to happen.

2 likely and unlikely are also adjectives (not adverbs). We can use subject + be likely/unlikely + to + infinitive, or it is likely/unlikely + that + clause.

3 definitely and probably are adverbs. They go before a main verb and after the auxiliary if there is one in sentences and before the auxiliary in sentences.

With be they go after the verb in sentences and before the verb in sentences, e.g. He's probably British. The painting definitely isn't genuine.

GRAMMAR BANK

a Right (✓) or wrong (X)? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Jim didn't leave work until 6.00, so he won't likely be here before 7.00. X

Jim didn't leave work until 6.00, so he's unlikely to be here before 7.00.

1 My glasses aren't in their usual place. Someone must move them.

2 A Do you know where Emma is?

B She should be in the library. That's where she said she was going.

3 A What's that noise in the garage?

B I think it can be the neighbour's cat.

4 I'm sure Chelsea will win tonight. They're unlikely to lose three times in a row.

5 I think you should delete that photo of Tina. She won't definitely like it.

6 Julian is bound be late – he always is.

7 No one's answering the phone at the shop. I'd say they've probably gone home.

8 I don't think Marta has gone to bed yet. I think she must still study.

9 It's quite likely that the boss will retire in a year or two.

b Complete the sentences using the bold word.

Perhaps Luke has got lost. He has no sense of direction.

might

Luke might have got lost. He has no sense of direction.

1 I don't think he'll have time to call in and see us. He has a very tight schedule. probably

He ________ He has a very tight schedule.

2 I'm not sure she'll ever get over the break-up. may

She ________ the break-up.

3 They will probably have heard the news by now. ought

They ________ now.

4 I didn't leave my credit card in the restaurant. I remember putting it in my wallet. can't

I ________ I remember putting it in my wallet.

5 I'm sure your sister will like the scarf – it's just her style. bound

Your sister ________ It's just her style.

6 The company director probably won't resign, despite the disastrous sales figures. unlikely

The company director ________ despite the disastrous sales figures.

7 I'm sure he was in love with her, otherwise he wouldn't have married her. must

He ________ otherwise he wouldn't have married her.

8 Are you sure you locked the back door? definitely

Did ________ lock the back door?

9 According to press reports, the couple will probably get divorced soon. likely

According to press reports, it's ________ soon.

d Look at the photo above and, with a partner, make speculations and deductions.

• When and where could the photo have been taken?
• Who might the man be? What do you think he might be doing and why?
• What might have just happened?
• How might the man and the chimp be feeling?

e Communication What's going on? A p.108 B p.113 Look at some more photos and make speculations and deductions.

4B WHAT'S GOING ON? Student A

a Look at photo 1 and make speculations and deductions about it.

• When and where could the photo have been taken?
• Who could the people be? What do you think they might be doing and why?
• What might have just happened?
• How might the people be feeling?

b B will tell you what's going on. Did you guess correctly?

c Now listen to B making speculations and deductions about photo 2. Then tell him/her what's really going on.

This photo was taken in Berlin, at a huge exhibition hall. The people in their pyjamas in camp beds are members of the audience for the performance of a piece of music called Sleep, by Max Richter, which lasts for eight hours.

4B WHAT'S GOING ON? Student B

a Look at photo 1 and listen to A making speculations and deductions about it. Then tell him/her what's really going on.

This photo was taken in Germany during the Alpine Skiing World Cup. The people up the tree are sports coaches, watching the competitors training.

b Now look at photo 2 and make speculations and deductions about it.

• When and where could the photo have been taken?
• Who could the people be? What do you think they might be doing and why?
• What might have just happened?
• How might the people be feeling?

c A will tell you what's going on. Did you guess correctly?

4B GRAMMAR speculation and deduction: Задания a, b, e

Ответ:

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.

d Посмотрите на фото выше и вместе с партнером сделайте предположения и выводы.

Ответ:

When and where could the photo have been taken? - The photo might have been taken in a wildlife park or a tropical country. It must be daytime. / Когда и где могла быть сделана эта фотография? - Фотография могла быть сделана в сафари-парке или тропической стране. Это, должно быть, дневное время.

Who might the man be? What do you think he might be doing? - He must be an electrician or a maintenance worker. He is probably repairing power lines on a utility pole. / Кем может быть этот мужчина? Как вы думаете, что он делает? - Он, должно быть, электрик или ремонтный рабочий. Вероятно, он чинит линии электропередач на столбе.

What might have just happened? - A chimpanzee could have climbed the pole and is now interacting with the man, maybe trying to take his tool. / Что могло только что произойти? - Шимпанзе мог залезть на столб и теперь взаимодействует с мужчиной, возможно, пытаясь забрать его инструмент.

How might the man and the chimp be feeling? - The man must be surprised, and maybe a little scared. The chimp seems curious and playful. / Как могут себя чувствовать мужчина и шимпанзе? - Мужчина, должно быть, удивлен и, может быть, немного напуган. Шимпанзе кажется любопытным и игривым.

GRAMMAR BANK 4B

a Правильно (✓) или неправильно (X)? Исправьте ошибки в выделенных фразах.

Ответ:

1 Someone must have moved them. / Кто-то, должно быть, их передвинул.

2 Correct. / Верно.

3 I think it could be / might be the neighbour's cat. / Я думаю, это мог бы быть соседский кот.

4 Correct. / Верно.

5 She definitely won't like it. / Ей это определенно не понравится.

6 Julian is bound to be late. / Джулиан непременно опоздает.

7 Correct. / Верно.

8 I think she must still be studying. / Я думаю, она, должно быть, все еще занимается.

9 Correct. / Верно.

b Дополните предложения, используя выделенное слово.

Ответ:

1 He probably won't have time to call in and see us. / У него, вероятно, не будет времени зайти к нам.

2 She may not get over the break-up. / Она, может быть, не оправится от расставания.

3 They ought to have heard the news by now. / Они уже должны были услышать новости.

4 I can't have left my credit card in the restaurant. / Я не мог оставить свою кредитную карту в ресторане.

5 Your sister is bound to like the scarf. / Твоей сестре непременно понравится этот шарф.

6 The company director is unlikely to resign, despite the disastrous sales figures. / Маловероятно, что директор компании уйдет в отставку, несмотря на катастрофические показатели продаж.

7 He must have been in love with her, otherwise he wouldn't have married her. / Он, должно быть, был влюблен в нее, иначе он бы на ней не женился.

8 Did you definitely lock the back door? / Ты точно запер заднюю дверь?

9 According to press reports, it's likely (that) the couple will get divorced soon. / Согласно сообщениям в прессе, вероятно, пара скоро разведется.

4B WHAT'S GOING ON?

Student A

a Посмотрите на фото 1 и сделайте предположения и выводы о нем.

Ответ:

When and where could the photo have been taken? - It might have been taken in a snowy, mountainous area in winter. / Когда и где могла быть сделана эта фотография? - Она могла быть сделана в снежной, гористой местности зимой.

Who could the people be? What do you think they might be doing and why? - They could be photographers or filmmakers, or maybe scientists. They must be trying to get a unique view from the top of the tree. / Кем могут быть эти люди? Как вы думаете, что и почему они делают? - Это могут быть фотографы, кинематографисты или, возможно, ученые. Они, должно быть, пытаются получить уникальный вид с верхушки дерева.

What might have just happened? - They've probably just climbed up to that position and are getting ready to work. / Что могло только что произойти? - Они, вероятно, только что взобрались на эту позицию и готовятся к работе.

How might the people be feeling? - They must be feeling cold, but also excited and focused on their task. / Как могут себя чувствовать эти люди? - Они, должно быть, замерзли, но также взволнованы и сосредоточены на своей задаче.

b, c

Ответ:

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.

Student B

a, c

Ответ:

Для ответа на вопрос недостаточно данных.

b Теперь посмотрите на фото 2 и сделайте предположения и выводы о нем.

Ответ:

When and where could the photo have been taken? - It was probably taken indoors in a large concert hall or arena at night. / Когда и где могла быть сделана эта фотография? - Вероятно, она была сделана в помещении, в большом концертном зале или на арене, ночью.

Who could the people be? What do you think they might be doing and why? - They must be the audience at a concert or a performance. They are in beds, so it might be an overnight event designed for relaxation. / Кем могут быть эти люди? Как вы думаете, что и почему они делают? - Это, должно быть, зрители на концерте или представлении. Они в кроватях, так что это может быть ночное мероприятие, предназначенное для релаксации.

What might have just happened? - The performance is probably about to start, or has just begun. / Что могло только что произойти? - Представление, вероятно, вот-вот начнется или только что началось.

How might the people be feeling? - They are probably feeling relaxed and curious. It must be a very unusual experience for them. / Как могут себя чувствовать эти люди? - Они, вероятно, чувствуют себя расслабленными и любопытными. Это, должно быть, очень необычный опыт для них.