номер 3, страница 67 - гдз по английскому языку 5-11 класс учебник Latham-Koenig, Oxenden

3 VOCABULARY word formation: prefixes

a Look at ten more QI facts. Which do you find the most surprising?

b Look at the bold prefixes in the highlighted words. Answer the questions with a partner.

1 Which three are negative prefixes and make the word mean the opposite?

2 What meaning do the other prefixes add to a word?

...and everything is interesting

1 Snow fleas survive the cold because their bodies contain natural antifreeze.

2 You are more likely to order dessert in a restaurant if the waiter is overweight.

3 In the USA, bottled water outsells all other soft drinks combined, including Pepsi and Coke.

4 In Honolulu, it's illegal to cross the street using a mobile phone.

5 Tea leaves uncurl when hot water is poured on them, a process known as 'the agony of the leaves'.

6 Starfish can regrow a whole new body from a single arm.

7 The most common time for people to misspell Facebook as 'Facbook' is 3.08 a.m.

8 The word anomia means 'the inability to remember names'.

9 You could listen to a radio on the moon, but it's virtually impossible on a submarine. Radio waves travel much more easily through space than through water.

10 Seven per cent of the microplastic in the sea comes from the paint used for road markings.

c p.169 Vocabulary Bank Prefixes

Prefixes

VOCABULARY BANK

1 NEGATIVE PREFIXES

a Write the words from the list in the correct column to make negatives.

agree appropriate attractive capable coherent competent continue do embark helpful honest hospitable legitimate literate logical mobile moral official personal practical rational regular relevant replaceable.

b 7.4 Listen and check. What letters do the words begin with after im-, il-, and ir-?

2 PREFIXES WHICH ADD OTHER MEANINGS

a Read the sentences carefully and match the bold prefixes to their meanings A–U.

1 D My daughter has outgrown most of her clothes – she needs a bigger size.

2 A lot of common English verbs are monosyllabic, like get, have, give, etc.

3 The whole town was rebuilt after the earthquake.

4 After the operation, I'll have to go to the hospital once a week as an outpatient.

5 My dog was ill-treated* as a puppy, but he's much happier now.

6 I haven't been feeling very well recently. The doctor told me to take multivitamins.

7 I must have misunderstood you. I thought you said you didn't want to come tonight.

8 I need to install a new antivirus on my computer.

9 I was incredibly lucky on my flight to Mexico – I was upgraded to business class!

10 High consumption of meat is leading to deforestation of the planet.

11 My brother did a postgraduate course in translation and interpreting.

12 A ceasefire is an essential precondition for any negotiation.

13 Even though I set my alarm clock, I overslept this morning and was late for work.

14 The committee has biannual meetings in October and March.

15 Several different species now coexist peacefully side by side.

16 This work is totally substandard. It's just not acceptable.

17 There will be an intergovernmental conference to look at climate change.

18 They're really understaffed at the moment because a lot of their workers are off sick.

19 With a superhuman effort, he managed to lift the car and save the injured man.

20 I'm not very good with my camera. I almost always use the autofocus setting.

21 Bacteria are microorganisms which often cause disease.

*The prefix ill is always followed by a hyphen.

A not enough

B too much

C more than one, many

D more than, better than, bigger than, etc.

E wrongly

F below

G two, twice

H against

I one

J by yourself, by itself

K after

L outside, not inside

M before

N remove or reduce

O higher, towards the top

P together

Q badly

R between

S above average

T extremely small

U again

b 7.5 Listen and check.

Prefixes with more than one meaning

Some prefixes have more than one meaning, e.g. out-, de-. Compare:

• out- + verb usually means more than, better than, etc., e.g. Boys outnumber girls in this class (= there are more boys than girls)

• out- + noun / adjective means outside, e.g. He lives on the outskirts of the city

• de- often means remove or take away sth, e.g. demystify = remove the mystery

• de- can also mean reduce, e.g. devalue = reduce the value of sth

ACTIVATION Which prefixes from 2 could you use before each of these words?

-cook (verb) -lingual -war

-national -place (verb)

p.67

d Add a prefix to the bold words and make any other necessary changes to complete the sentences.

1 I completely _______ Alan. I thought he was self-centred, but I see I was wrong. judge

2 This paragraph in your essay is rather unclear. I advise you to _______ it. write

3 I can't read my doctor's handwriting. It's completely _______ legible

4 Having to take care of my sister's dogs while she's on holiday is terribly _______ convenient

5 The police have promised to tackle _______ behaviour in city centres. social

6 The expedition failed because they were _______ equip

7 It's going to be an _______ struggle to motivate the team after last week's defeat. hill

8 Food poisoning from _______ meat can be very serious. cook

9 We're not going back to that restaurant – they _______ us last time we went. charge

10 The hotel has an _______ swimming pool that's only open from June to September. door

Посмотрите еще на десять фактов QI. Какой из них вы находите самым удивительным?

Ответ:

I find fact number 6 the most surprising: Starfish can regrow a whole new body from a single arm. It's incredible that an animal can regenerate so completely! / Я считаю факт номер 6 самым удивительным: Морские звезды могут вырастить совершенно новое тело из одной конечности. Невероятно, что животное может так полностью регенерировать!

Посмотрите на выделенные жирным шрифтом приставки в выделенных словах. 1. Какие три приставки являются отрицательными и придают слову противоположное значение? 2. Какое значение добавляют слову другие приставки?

Ответ:

1. The three negative prefixes are il- (in illegal), un- (in uncurl), and in- (in inability). / Три отрицательные приставки — это il- (в слове illegal), un- (в слове uncurl) и in- (в слове inability).

2.

• anti- means against (antifreeze). / anti- означает "против" (антифриз).
• over- means too much (overweight). / over- означает "слишком много" (избыточный вес).
• out- means more or better than (outsells). / out- означает "больше" или "лучше, чем" (превосходит по продажам).
• re- means again (regrow). / re- означает "снова", "заново" (отрасти заново).
• mis- means wrongly (misspell). / mis- означает "неправильно" (сделать орфографическую ошибку).
• sub- means under (submarine). / sub- означает "под" (подводная лодка).
• micro- means extremely small (microplastic). / micro- означает "чрезвычайно маленький" (микропластик).

1. ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРИСТАВКИ

a. Напишите слова из списка в правильную колонку.

Ответ:

b. Прослушайте и проверьте. С каких букв начинаются слова после приставок im-, il- и ir-?

Ответ:

Words begin with m or p after im-. Words begin with l after il-. Words begin with r after ir-. / Слова после im- начинаются с m или p. Слова после il- начинаются с l. Слова после ir- начинаются с r.

2. ПРИСТАВКИ, КОТОРЫЕ ДОБАВЛЯЮТ ДРУГИЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ

a. Внимательно прочитайте предложения и соотнесите выделенные жирным шрифтом приставки с их значениями A–U.

Ответ:

1. outgrown - D. more than, better than, bigger than, etc. / переросла - D. больше чем, лучше чем, крупнее чем, и т.д.

2. monosyllabic - I. one / односложные - I. один

3. rebuilt - U. again / отстроен заново - U. снова, заново

4. outpatient - L. outside, not inside / амбулаторный пациент - L. снаружи, не внутри

5. ill-treated - Q. badly / плохо обращались - Q. плохо

6. multivitamins - C. more than one, many / мультивитамины - C. больше одного, много

7. misunderstood - E. wrongly / неправильно понял - E. неправильно

8. antivirus - H. against / антивирус - H. против

9. upgraded - O. higher, towards the top / повысили класс - O. выше, к верху

10. deforestation - N. remove or reduce / вырубка лесов - N. удалять или сокращать

11. postgraduate - K. after / аспирантский - K. после

12. precondition - M. before / предварительное условие - M. до, перед

13. overslept - B. too much / проспал - B. слишком много

14. biannual - G. two, twice / дважды в год - G. два, дважды

15. coexist - P. together / сосуществуют - P. вместе

16. substandard - F. below / некачественная - F. ниже

17. intergovernmental - R. between / межправительственная - R. между

18. understaffed - A. not enough / не хватает персонала - A. недостаточно

19. superhuman - S. above average / сверхчеловеческие - S. выше среднего

20. autofocus - J. by yourself, by itself / автофокус - J. сам, само по себе

21. microorganisms - T. extremely small / микроорганизмы - T. чрезвычайно маленькие

АКТИВАЦИЯ. Какие приставки из упражнения 2 вы могли бы использовать перед каждым из этих слов?

Ответ:

• cook: over- (overcook), under- (undercook), pre- (precook). / готовить: пере- (переварить), недо- (недоварить), пред- (предварительно приготовить).
• lingual: bi- (bilingual), multi- (multilingual), mono- (monolingual). / языковой: дву- (двуязычный), много- (многоязычный), одно- (одноязычный).
• war: anti- (anti-war), post- (post-war). / война: анти- (антивоенный), после- (послевоенный).
• national: inter- (international), multi- (multinational). / национальный: меж- (международный), много- (многонациональный).
• place: dis- (displace), re- (replace), mis- (misplace). / место (глагол): с- (смещать), пере- (перемещать), не туда (класть не на место).

d. Добавьте приставку к выделенным жирным шрифтом словам и внесите любые другие необходимые изменения, чтобы дополнить предложения.

Ответ:

1. I completely misjudged Alan. I thought he was self-centred, but I see I was wrong. / Я совершенно неправильно оценил Алана. Я думал, он эгоцентричен, но теперь вижу, что был неправ.

2. This paragraph in your essay is rather unclear. I advise you to rewrite it. / Этот абзац в вашем эссе довольно неясный. Я советую вам переписать его.

3. I can’t read my doctor’s handwriting. It’s completely illegible. / Я не могу разобрать почерк своего врача. Он совершенно неразборчивый.

4. Having to take care of my sister’s dogs while she’s on holiday is terribly inconvenient. / Необходимость заботиться о собаках моей сестры, пока она в отпуске, ужасно неудобна.

5. The police have promised to tackle antisocial behaviour in city centres. / Полиция пообещала бороться с антисоциальным поведением в центрах городов.

6. The expedition failed because they were ill-equipped. / Экспедиция провалилась, потому что они были плохо оснащены.

7. It’s going to be an uphill struggle to motivate the team after last week’s defeat. / Будет тяжелой борьбой мотивировать команду после поражения на прошлой неделе.

8. Food poisoning from undercooked meat can be very serious. / Пищевое отравление от недоготовленного мяса может быть очень серьезным.

9. We’re not going back to that restaurant – they overcharged us last time we went. / Мы не вернемся в тот ресторан – в прошлый раз они взяли с нас слишком много.

10. The hotel has an indoor swimming pool that’s only open from June to September. / В отеле есть крытый бассейн, который открыт только с июня по сентябрь.