Reading, страница 154 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс (spotlight) учебник Афанасьева, Дули

Module 8 - Technology. Spotlight on Exams - страница 154.

Условие.

RNE Reading

Match the texts (A-G) to a heading (1-7). Put your answers into the table. Each number can only be used once. There is one extra heading.

1 The origin of the phrase

2 Coming from the other direction

3 What does 'uncanny' mean?

4 Avoiding the uncanny valley

5 Why do we feel it?

6 High cost of the uncanny

7 What is the uncanny valley?

8 Other places it occurs

A The word comes from the Anglo-Saxon 'ken' which is the word for knowledge or understanding. Something uncanny is something that is a mixture of the familiar and the unfamiliar, the known and the unknown, which together can make people feel very uncomfortable.

B The idea of the "uncanny valley" was first proposed by Masahiro Mori, a Japanese robotics professor, in 1970. Over the years, more and more examples that seem to support it have appeared. Today it continues to be an important concept for engineers, because it affects whether or not people will accept and trust a robot.

C The idea is based on the observation that as robots look less like machines and more human, people like them better, up to a point. However, when a robot looks very human, but not quite right in some small way, people strongly dislike it. Perhaps it does not make eye contact, or its movements are jerky. If you drew this likeability on a graph, the line would suddenly dip and rise again, making a valley shape. In theory, as the robots become more convincingly human, they should 'escape' the uncanny valley and become likeable again.

D No one knows for sure why this combination of the familiar and the strange makes people uncomfortable or afraid. There are a number of theories that try to explain it. One is that this is a reaction that our ancestors developed to make them avoid the dead or the sick who could spread disease. Another is that our brains are confused by the conflicting information and so can not process it easily.

E Although the uncanny valley idea was first applied to robots, it seems to happen in other situations also. It can be an issue in movie and videogame animation; for example, in one case a studio was surprised to find people were horrified by an animated human baby, instead of finding it cute and likable. An uncanny-valley-like response has even been reported in reaction to the photoshopped photos of models that appear in magazines.

F This brings us to another idea, though now in the realm of science fiction, that is worth considering. If robots make us feel uncomfortable when they look too much like people, what will happen in the future if people begin to look more like robots? Will the search for perfection make people look like they are dead or sick? We can see the beginning of this trend already in some celebrities who have had too much plastic surgery.

G The general opinion is that designers should aim for more cartoon-like appearances, and avoid super-realistic human likenesses. Yet, as technology improves, the challenge of creating a convincing human look-alike is hard to resist. Some people believe the uncanny valley will disappear by itself, with future generations getting more comfortable with robots. Others say the idea of a valley is incorrect and what really exists is an "uncanny wall". They believe we will never be able to create a realistic human who looks believable enough not to be scary. We will have to wait and see who is right.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G

Решение 1.

Решение 2.