Writing: letters/emails, страница 22 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс (starlight) учебник Баранова, Дули

Module 1. Sports & Entertainment. Unit 1.9. Writing: letters/emails - страница 22.

Условие.

Unit 1.9 Writing: Letters/Emails

▪ Letters/Emails can be formal, semi-formal or informal depending on who you are writing to. There are quite a few types, such as: invitations, accepting or refusing invitations, asking for or giving information, applications, complaints, apologies, asking for/giving advice, giving news, expressing thanks/regrets/congratulations etc. Before we start writing a letter/email, it is important to think about who we are writing to. This helps to decide how formal/ informal the letter/email will be.

▪ Informal letters/emails are sent to people you know well (e.g. friends, relatives etc). An informal letter/email should consist of:

• an informal greeting (e.g. Dear Mary/Aunt Sue/Dad etc);
• an introduction in which you write your opening remarks and the reason for writing (e.g. How is it going? I thought I'd drop you a line to let you know ...);
• a main body in which you write the main subjects of the letter/email in detail, starting a new paragraph for each topic.
• a conclusion in which you write your closing remarks (e.g. I'd better go.);
• an informal ending (e.g. Love/Yours/Best regards + your first name).

▪ Semi-formal letters/emails are normally sent to someone you know but are not intimate with (e.g. your friend's parents, a distant relative etc). Semi-formal letters/emails contain:

• formal greetings (e.g. Dear Mr and Mrs Smith);
• informal endings (e.g. Best Wishes/Yours + full name);
• a respectful tone, depending on the relationship you have with the person;
• pronouns shouldn't be omitted/idioms should be used carefully.

▪ Formal letters/emails are normally sent to people in an official position or people you don't know well (e.g. Director of Studies etc). A formal letter/email should consist of:

• a formal greeting (e.g. Dear Sir/Madam – when you do not know the person's name; Dear Ms Jones – when you know the person's name);
• an introduction in which you write your opening remarks and mention your reasons for writing (e.g. I am writing to apply for the position of ...);
• a main body in which you write about the main subjects of the letter in detail, starting a new paragraph for each topic;
• a conclusion in which you write your closing remarks (e.g. I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible...);
• a formal ending (e.g. Yours faithfully – when you do not know the person's name; Yours sincerely – when you know the person's name) followed by your full name.

Style in informal and formal letters/emails

SEMI-FORMAL OR INFORMAL STYLE

Greeting:

Dear Mary/Aunt Sue/Dad, etc

• friendly, relaxed, personal tone (e.g. Thanks so much for your last letter.)
• frequent use of colloquial expressions, idioms, phrasal verbs, short forms (e.g. It's been ages since we hooked up.)
• pronouns are often omitted (e.g. Thought I'd drop you a line.)
• chatty, use of literary devices (e.g. You're as stubborn as a mule sometimes.)

Sign off:

Best wishes/Love/Yours/Regards,

Peter

FORMAL STYLE

Greeting:

Dear Sir/Madam/Dear Mr Smith,

• serious, impersonal tone (e.g. It was pleasing to hear that you are in good health.)
• complex sentence structure – frequent use of passive voice – no phrasal verbs – no colloquial English – advanced vocabulary – no short forms (e.g. The item in question, which I received last week, was damaged in transit.)

Sign off:

Yours faithfully,/Yours sincerely,

Peter Brown

General outline for letters/emails

Paragraph 1: opening remarks, reason(s) for writing

Paragraphs 2, 3: development

Paragraph 4: closing remarks

Решение 1.

Решение 3.

Каковы основные стили написания писем/электронных писем и их характеристики?

Ответ:

Characteristic Характеристика	Semi-formal or Informal Style Неофициальный или полуофициальный стиль	Formal Style Официальный стиль
Greeting Приветствие	Dear Mary/Aunt Sue/Dad, etc. (Дорогая Мэри/Тётя Сью/Папа и т.д.)	Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mr Smith. (Уважаемый сэр/мадам, Уважаемый мистер Смит.)
Tone Тон	Friendly, relaxed, personal, and chatty. (Дружелюбный, непринужденный, личный и разговорный.)	Serious and impersonal. (Серьезный и безличный.)
Language & Structure Язык и структура	Uses colloquial expressions, idioms, phrasal verbs, short forms (e.g., It's been ages), and omitted pronouns (e.g., Thought I'd drop you a line). (Используются разговорные выражения, идиомы, фразовые глаголы, краткие формы (напр., «сто лет прошло») и пропущенные местоимения (напр., «Решил(а) черкнуть тебе пару строк»).)	Uses complex sentence structure, passive voice, advanced vocabulary, and no short forms, phrasal verbs, or colloquial English. (Используются сложные синтаксические конструкции, пассивный залог, продвинутая лексика; отсутствуют краткие формы, фразовые глаголы и разговорный английский.)
Sign-off Прощание	Best wishes/Love/Yours/Regards, + first name. (С наилучшими пожеланиями/С любовью/Твой(я)/С уважением, + имя.)	Yours faithfully (if you don't know the person's name) or Yours sincerely (if you know the person's name), followed by your full name. («С уважением,» — если имя адресата неизвестно, или «Искренне Ваш,» — если имя известно, + полное имя.)

General outline for letters/emails:
(Общая структура писем/электронных писем:)

Paragraph 1: opening remarks, reason(s) for writing.
(Параграф 1: вступительные замечания, причина(ы) написания письма.)

Paragraphs 2, 3: development.
(Параграфы 2, 3: развитие темы.)

Paragraph 4: closing remarks.
(Параграф 4: заключительные замечания.)