Номер 43, страница 86 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс учебник Афанасьева, Михеева

Unit 2. Man the Believer. Speaking - номер 43, страница 86.

Условие.

43. Study the topical vocabulary to speak about religions and beliefs in English.

Topical Vocabulary

All religions can be divided into

• primal religions (pre-Christian religions of Europe and some other parts of the world and modern tribal religions);

• universal religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, etc.).

Religions always include

• beliefs;

• religious practice.

People who share the same beliefs are members of

• religious communities.

When they come together to worship they are called

• congregations.

Religious communities observe their

• customs;

• rituals;

• rites.

They

• practise/attend worship;

• make/offer prayers or pray;

• listen to sermons read by teachers;

• sing hymns (psalms [sa:mz]);

• seek blessing, healing, salvation, etc.;

• make confessions;

• offer sacrifice to God or a god.

Church services are led by

• priests/ministers¹, the clergy/clergymen (Christianity);

• imams (Islam);

• rabbis (Judaism).

Among other people who devote themselves to God are

• nuns (they live in convents);

• monks (they live in monasteries).

Some religions exist in diverse forms, for example, Christianity splits into

• Roman Catholic Church (headed by the Pope);

• Orthodox Church (headed by the patriarch of Constantinople as the first among equals – other patriarchs);

• the Protestant movement made up of

— the Lutherans;

— the Methodists;

— the Anglicans;

— the Baptists, etc.

Traditional places of worship are

• churches, cathedrals, chapels (Christianity);

• mosques (Islam);

• synagogues (Judaism);

• pagodas or temples (Buddhism).

Places of worship may be decorated with

• frescoes;

• mosaics;

• icons/ikons;

• stained glass windows;

• candles and chandeliers [ˌʃændə'liəz];

• statues.

In Christian places of worship the following elements are essential:

• an altar ['ɔ:ltə],

• choir stalls,

• a pulpit ['pulpɪt],

• an iconostasis [aɪˌkɒnnɒs'tæəsɪs] (pl. iconostases),

• a crucifixion,

• tombs.

In Christianity and Islam the major festivals are:

• Advent and Christmas } Christianity

• Lent and Easter

• Ramadan (Islam)

Most religions have a tradition of pilgrimage – journeying to some holy place as a religious duty:

• to Bethlehem;

• to Jerusalem;

• to Mecca;

• to Mount Sinai.

Some people

• practise secularism ['sekjʊlərɪz(ə)m] (a system of social organization which keeps out all forms of religion);

• consider themselves to be atheists or non-believers;

• think that the physical world is self-contained and can be perfectly well understood with the help of sciences.

Решение.

Решение 2.

43. Изучите тематическую лексику, чтобы говорить о религиях и верованиях на английском языке.

Ответ:

I have studied the vocabulary. Now I know that universal religions include Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. People who share the same beliefs are members of religious communities. They worship in different places: Christians in churches, Muslims in mosques, and Jews in synagogues. In Christianity, major festivals are Christmas and Easter, and in Islam, it is Ramadan.

Я изучил(а) эту лексику. Теперь я знаю, что к мировым религиям относятся христианство, ислам и буддизм. Люди, разделяющие одни и те же верования, являются членами религиозных общин. Они поклоняются в разных местах: христиане – в церквях, мусульмане – в мечетях, а иудеи – в синагогах. В христианстве главными праздниками являются Рождество и Пасха, а в исламе – Рамадан.