Infinitive, страница 169 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс (starlight) учебник Баранова, Дули

Grammar Practice Section. Module 2 - страница 169.

Условие.

Infinitive

The to-infinitive is used:

• to express purpose. He took the train to arrive early.

• after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse etc). They expect to start printing next week.

• after would like, would prefer, would love etc to express a specific preference. I would prefer to go to the theatre tonight.

• after adjectives which describe feelings/emotions (happy, sad, glad etc); express unwillingness/willingness (willing, eager, reluctant etc); refer to a person’s character (clever, kind etc) and the adjectives lucky and fortunate. I was very happy to hear that Jennifer and Darren got married.

  Note: With adjectives that refer to character we can also use an impersonal structure. It was kind of you to inform me about it.

• after too/enough. It is too cold to go swimming.

• to talk about an unexpected event, usually with only. I finally arrived home only to find that my house had been broken into.

• with it + be + adjective/noun. It wasn't easy to find a new accountant.

• after be + first/second/next/last etc. He was the last person to talk at the conference.

• after verbs and expressions such as ask, learn, explain, decide, find out, want, want to know etc, when they are followed by a question word. She explained how to use the vending machine.

  Note: why is followed by subject + verb, NOT an infinitive. I wonder why she didn't come to me with her problem.

• in the expressions to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with etc. To tell you the truth, I didn't want anyone to find out.

  Note: If two to-infinitives are linked by and or or, the to of the second infinitive can be omitted. I would like to go and see the performance tonight.

Tenses of the Infinitive

Present: (to) read

Present Continuous: (to) be reading

Perfect: (to) have read

Perfect Continuous: (to) have been reading

• The Present Infinitive refers to the present or future: e.g. You are expected to work from 9.00 to 4.00 every weekday.

• The Present Continuous Infinitive expresses an action happening now: e.g. She seems to be working on the project at present.

• The Perfect Infinitive is used to show that the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb: e.g. She claims to have been to Austria twice.

• The Perfect Continuous Infinitive is used to emphasise the duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened before the action of the main verb: e.g. He seems to have been reading all night. His eyes are red.

The infinitive without to is used:

• after modal verbs. Beth can play the saxophone well.

• after the verbs let, make, see, hear and feel. They made him leave the building. BUT we use the to-infinitive after be made, be heard, be seen etc (passive form). He was made to leave the building.

  Note: When see, hear and watch are followed by an -ing form, there is no change in the passive. He saw me reading the email. I was seen reading the email.

• after had better and would rather. We had better take a taxi.

• help can be followed by either the to-infinitive or the infinitive without to. She helped me (to) solve the problem.

Решение 1.

Решение 3.

Что такое инфинитив и как он используется, согласно тексту?

Ответ:

The to-infinitive is used:

(Инфинитив с частицей to используется:)

• to express purpose. (для выражения цели.)

• after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse etc). (после определенных глаголов (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse и т.д.).)

• after would like, would prefer, would love etc to express a specific preference. (после would like, would prefer, would love и т.д. для выражения конкретного предпочтения.)

• after adjectives which describe feelings/emotions (happy, sad, glad etc); express willingness/unwillingness (willing, eager, reluctant etc); refer to a person's character (clever, kind etc). (после прилагательных, которые описывают чувства/эмоции (happy, sad, glad и т.д.); выражают желание/нежелание (willing, eager, reluctant и т.д.); относятся к характеру человека (clever, kind и т.д.).)

• after too/enough. (после too/enough.)

• to talk about an unexpected event, usually with only. (чтобы рассказать о неожиданном событии, обычно с only.)

• with it + be + adjective/noun. (в конструкциях it + be + прилагательное/существительное.)

• after be + first/second/next/last etc. (после be + first/second/next/last и т.д.)

• after verbs and expressions such as ask, learn, explain, decide, find out, want, want to know etc, when they are followed by a question word. (после глаголов и выражений, таких как ask, learn, explain, decide, find out, want, want to know и т.д., когда за ними следует вопросительное слово.)

• in expressions to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with etc. (в выражениях to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with и т.д.)

Tenses of the Infinitive

(Времена инфинитива)

• Present: (to) read. It refers to the present or future. (Настоящее: (to) read. Относится к настоящему или будущему.)

• Present Continuous: (to) be reading. It expresses an action happening now. (Настоящее длительное: (to) be reading. Выражает действие, происходящее сейчас.)

• Perfect: (to) have read. It is used to show that the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb. (Перфектное: (to) have read. Используется, чтобы показать, что действие инфинитива произошло до действия глагола.)

• Perfect Continuous: (to) have been reading. It is used to emphasise the duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened before the action of the main verb. (Перфектное длительное: (to) have been reading. Используется, чтобы подчеркнуть длительность действия инфинитива, которое произошло до действия основного глагола.)

The infinitive without 'to' is used:

(Инфинитив без частицы 'to' используется:)

• after modal verbs. (после модальных глаголов.)

• after the verbs let, make, see, hear and feel. (BUT we use the to-infinitive after be made, be heard, be seen etc in passive form). (после глаголов let, make, see, hear и feel. (НО мы используем инфинитив с 'to' после be made, be heard, be seen и т.д. в пассивной форме).)

• after had better and would rather. (после had better и would rather.)

• help can be followed by either the to-infinitive or the infinitive without to. (за глаголом help может следовать как инфинитив с 'to', так и без 'to'.)