Great Minds, страница 163 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс (spotlight) учебник Ваулина, Дули

Special

Interests

Throughout history, people all over the world have expressed they personality and status through their clothes. Recently, young Russians have become interested in studying national costumes.

Spotlight on Russia stops by a Moscow school where the national costume is a very popular subject

A lot of the girls here are part of the 'Grace' fashion theatre. It is the girls' favourite school club. They come here after classes to learn about designing clothes and dressmaking. They start with the designs and finish with a fashion show of the finished dresses. It's hard to believe that the masterpieces presented in the shows have been created by schoolgirls! National costumes have been the focus of attention in recent years, not only for practical work but also for school project work. National costumes, like all clothes, have to protect the wearer from environmental conditions and should look nice. However, all costumes also have a social function. They show people the wearer's role in society, their rank or social status, as well as other details such as age or marital status. However, not all of the meanings of the individual details and elements of the costume are known today. One project about Russian national costumes completed by students at the school was called 'The Traditions of Ethnic Motifs in Russian National Costumes'. It included several women's costumes from different social levels. The presentation displayed the colourful costumes and also presented traditional Russian musical instruments like the balalaika. Through school projects like this, many of the students have the chance to see that national costume is not only one of the most precious legacies of folk art and social history, but also one of the richest resources for studying ethnicity and its links with national identity.

DISCUSS

• Do you find national costumes interesting? Why (not)?
• Have you ever worn a national costume?
• Where could you wear a national costume? How do you think you would feel?

ACTIVITY

Do some research on the national costume for a man or a woman from your region and find or sketch a picture. Send it to us and explain as many of the different elements as you can.

6

Great Minds

Russians have been exploring space since the 1950s. In the following decades, they achieved a number of historic breakthroughs, but it all started much earlier. Three men in particular stand out as space exploration heroes.

Spotlight on Russia takes a look at the pioneers who led the way to the stars

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)

Tsiolkovsky was known as the father of human space flight. He was a rocket scientist, an inventor and a pioneer in space research. His work contained designs for rockets with thrusters, airlocks, multi-stage boosters, satellites, space suits and even a system for providing food and air to a space colony. He was a man years ahead of his time, and it is thanks to him that Russia was the first nation to cross the final frontier.

Sergei Korolyov (1906-1966)

He was a scientist and rocket engineer that put the first satellite, Sputnik 1, into orbit around the Earth in 1957. He was also the person responsible for Sputnik 2, carrying the dog Laika into space, and landing the first probe, Luna 2, on the Moon. Above all, he was the man in charge of the Vostok and Voskhod space programs which successfully took the first man into space in 1961. These programs allowed the first space walk and led the way for all manned space flights after that. Korolyov was a legend in his own time and in ours.

Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968)

On 12th April 1961, he became the first human to go into space and the first man to orbit the Earth. The cosmonaut's first and only space flight in Vostok 1 lasted 108 minutes, but will be remembered forever. He became an ambassador for Russia, travelling the world and telling people of Russian achievements in space.

DISCUSS

• Would you like to go into space? Why (not)?
• What do you think about space tourism?
• What fields of science should a person study to become a scientist? A cosmonaut?

ACTIVITY

Choose one of the people in the text and tell your partner about his achievements. Expand this biography to include more details.

ОБСУДИТЕ

• Хотели бы вы полететь в космос? Почему (нет)?

Ответ:

Yes, I would love to go to space! It would be amazing to see the Earth from above and float in zero gravity. I've always dreamed of being an astronaut and exploring other planets.

(Да, я бы очень хотел полететь в космос! Было бы здорово увидеть Землю сверху и парить в невесомости. Я всегда мечтал стать космонавтом и исследовать другие планеты.)

• Что вы думаете о космическом туризме?

Ответ:

I think space tourism is really cool. It gives more people a chance to experience space, not just professional astronauts. But it's probably very expensive, so I hope it becomes cheaper one day so everyone can go.

(Я думаю, что космический туризм - это очень круто. Он дает возможность большему количеству людей побывать в космосе, а не только профессиональным космонавтам. Но, наверное, это очень дорого, поэтому я надеюсь, что однажды он станет дешевле, чтобы все могли полететь.)

• Какие области науки должен изучать человек, чтобы стать ученым? Космонавтом?

Ответ:

To become a scientist, a person could study subjects like biology, chemistry, or physics. To become a cosmonaut, you probably need to be good at physics and engineering. You also need to be very healthy and brave!

(Чтобы стать ученым, человек может изучать такие предметы, как биология, химия или физика. Чтобы стать космонавтом, наверное, нужно хорошо разбираться в физике и инженерии. А еще нужно быть очень здоровым и смелым!)

ЗАДАНИЕ

Выберите одного из людей, упомянутых в тексте, и расскажите своему партнеру о его достижениях. Дополните его биографию, включив больше деталей.

Ответ:

I chose Yuri Gagarin. He was a Soviet cosmonaut and on April 12, 1961, he became the first human to journey into outer space. His Vostok 1 spacecraft completed one orbit of Earth in 108 minutes. After his flight, he became a national hero and a global celebrity, traveling around the world. He was born in a small village and worked in a foundry before becoming a military pilot and then being selected for the space program. His achievement was a huge milestone in space exploration.

(Я выбрал Юрия Гагарина. Он был советским космонавтом и 12 апреля 1961 года стал первым человеком, совершившим полет в космос. Его космический корабль "Восток-1" совершил один оборот вокруг Земли за 108 минут. После своего полета он стал национальным героем и мировой знаменитостью, путешествуя по всему миру. Он родился в маленькой деревне и работал в литейном цехе, прежде чем стать военным летчиком, а затем был отобран в космическую программу. Его достижение стало огромной вехой в освоении космоса.)